16 



moreover, the exiwium is plainly not at the center of the scale. The 

 male of the San Jose scale is about two times as long as broad; broader 

 at one end than at the other, with a large, dark exuvium, showing a 

 central nipple. It is situated toward the small end of the scale. The 

 male of the European fruit scale is not so elongate, and the exuvium 

 is but little darker than the scale and nearer to the small end than in 

 the San Jose scale. The male of Putnam's scale is as elongate as that 

 of San Jose, but has an orange exuvium. The male of the cherry 

 scale is in shape much like that of the San Jose scale, but the exuvium 

 is of a brighter yellow, the scale usually being paler than the San Jose. 



Fig. b.-AspiMolvs pemicioms: a, infested twig; b, view ol infested bark magnified. (Howard and 



Marlatt.) 



In general the adult female of the San Jose scale may be distin- 

 guished from its allies by the more circular scale, with yellow exuvium, 

 when exposed, more centrally located, otherwise with dark nipple; the 

 male by similar characteristics of exuvium and nipple. But the San 

 Jose scale is most easily recognized by its immature scales, which are 

 almost black, circular, and with a central nipple surrounded by one or 

 two depressed circular rings. Such a character is not found in any 

 other of the allied scales. 



