confusion of generations throughout the summer, breeding constantly 

 going on until late fall. The number of broods will thus depend upon 

 the length of the season. 



Fig. 7. — Aspuliotiu pcrniciosug: Infested fruit aud branch, and enlarged scales. (Howard.) 

 THE KUROI'EAX FRUIT SCALE. 



(Axiiidiolns oxlineformis Cnrtis — fig. 8.) 



This species can usually be readily separated from the San Jose 

 scale bj' the characters mentioned under that species, but it is practi- 

 cally impossible, without making a microscopic mount, to distinguish 

 it from Putnam's .scale and the cherry scale. The cherry scale, espe- 

 cially when on cherry, i.s more shining and often shows a grayish 

 margin. The European fruit scale occurs on all orchard trees, but 

 only, so far as known, in certain Northern States. The winter is 

 passed by the partly grown specimens, which become mature toward 

 the last of June, and .soon begin to give birth to living young. The 

 young continue to appear for several weeks. There appears to be but 

 one brood a year, at least in the Northern States. 



