19 



PUTNAM S SOALK. 

 {Asjiidiohts ancjjlus Putnam.) 



This srale is widc.ly distributed and attacks all orchard trees. In 

 general appearance it is like the San Jose scale, but at once known by 

 the exposed orange exuvium, the less circular scale, and by the half- 

 grown young having no depressed ring around the nipple. It can be 

 separated from the European fruit scale and from the cherrj^ scale 

 only by a microscopic examination of mounted specimens. It is usu- 

 ally much darker than the cherry scale, the exuvium usually a brighter 

 orange, and the scale more conical than that species. Specimens vary, 

 however, a great deal in' these points. 

 The insect winters in a nearly full- 

 grown condition. The males appear in 

 April, soon pair with the females, and 

 the latter deposit eggs in the late spring 

 or early summer. The young begin to 

 hatch early in July and continue dur- 

 ing the month. There is but one brood 

 a y^ear. 



THE CHEKRT SCALE. 

 (Axpidiolus forbesi Johuaon. ) 



This scale is similar to Putnam's and 

 to the European fruit scale, but some- 

 times, especially on cherry, it is more 

 shining, and presents a gray rim around 

 the scale, which is commonly flatter 

 than the allied species. It attacks all orchard trees, but is rarely com- 

 mon It winters partly grown, like its allies. The male issues m 

 April The eggs are laid in April or early May, the young hatchmg 

 during May and part of June. There appears to be two broods a year, 

 the males of the second brood issuing during the latter part of July 

 and the young during August and September. 



THE WALNUT SCALE. 



(Aspidiolus juglans-regiie Comstot'k— fig. 9.) 



This insect is at once recognized by the large size of the adult female 



scale it being the largest of our species of the genus, the scale often 



bein^ 3- in diameter (one-twelfth inch), while the San Jose scale is 



scarcely 2"-- in diameter. The adult female scale is irregularly circu- 



ar 'n outline, quite flat, and of a pale grayish or dirty-white color. 



tL exuvial spot is reddish or orange and situated «"« «ide ot the cen^ 



ter The scale often appears to be less closely attached to the bark 



than with the other species of this genus. The male scale is elliptical 



Fig. 8. — Aspidiotus oslrexJormU: a, scales 

 on twig; 6, natural size; c, immature 

 stage; d, female; e, male; / and g, in- 

 side of scales. (Marlatt.) 



