32 



in the fall they have quite a tent. On the approach of winter they 

 strengthen their tent and use it to shelter them during the winter. 

 In spring they come out, eat the unfolding buds and tender leaves, 

 and thus do great damage. The full-grown caterpillar is about 1^ 

 inches long, dark brown, mottled, and spotted with orange, and clothed 

 with reddish-brown hairs and two rows of dense tufts of white hair 

 along the upper side of the body. By the middle of June the cater- 

 pillars are ready to pupate, and each makes a cocoon attached to a 

 terminal branch, or sometimes elsewhere on the tree, or even on some 

 other object. These cocoons are often close to each other, so as to 

 form quite a mass. The moths emerge in a few weeks. They have 

 white wings, and the females a brown tip to the abdomen. There is 

 but one brood each year. 



THE LEAF-CKUMPLER. 



{Mineola indigineUa Zell. ) 



The presence of this insect is easily recognized in winter by the 

 clusters of brown, shriveled, and partly eaten leaves fastened together 

 and to the twigs by silken threads. Within each cluster of leaves is 

 a curved tube, usually sinuate at the small end, and within this tube is 

 the small, brownish caterpillar of this moth. This caterpillar is but 

 half grown. In early spring the larva cuts loose from its fastenings, 

 crawls with its case out upon the branches, and attacks the developing 

 buds and young leaves, thus causing a great deal of injury. The cat- 

 erpillar becomes full fed by the middle of May, and is then of a green- 

 ish color. It pupates in the larval nest, and the moths issue in June 

 or early July. The eggs are deposited in July, singly on the leaves. 

 The young larva, upon hatching, starts to make a little case for itself, 

 which it enlarges when necessary. They feed on all fruit trees, but 

 are partial to apple, and there is but one brood annually. 



THE WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK JEOTH. 



( Orgyia leucostigma S. & A. — iifr, 22. ) 



The caterpillar of this moth, which does great damage to shade trees 

 in cities, sometimes attacks apple and other fruit trees. The adult 

 insect is a light-grayish moth, the female wingless, the male with ash- 

 gray wings, expanding about U inches, and the antennaj arc feathered. 

 The eggs, 300 to 500 in number, are laid by the wingless female in the 

 fall within a frothy substance, which on drying becomes hard and 

 brittle. The whole is a very prominent whitish mass, often situated 

 partly or wholly upon the old cocoon. In May the young larvae hatch 

 and begin eating the foliage. The larvie are full-grown in July, and 

 spin their slight silken cocoons, attached to any convenient spot. The 

 full-grown caterpillar is a very handsome insect, about li inches ia 



