38 



Fig. 34.— Larva 

 of bud-moth. 

 (Slingerland.) 



the ca.se remaining^ attached to the tree all winter. In May the young 

 hatch, and at once start to make little ca.se.s for themselves, which they 

 enlarge as they grow. When ready to pupate, the caterpillar fastens 

 its case to a twig and transforms to the chrysalis. The male moth 

 appears in August. There is but one brood a year. 



OTHER CATERPILLARS. 



On the apple tree in winter one may find several other caterpillars 

 in various stages of development. One of thenv, the pistol-case bearer 

 {Coleophora malivorella Riley), is a small larva with a 

 dark head. It carries with it a case the tip of which is 

 curved over, the whole about one-eighth inch long. It 

 feeds on the buds and leaves in spring. In the fall it 

 fastens itself securely to the twig, and thus passes the 

 winter in an immature condition. 



Another is the cigar-ease bearer ( Coleophora Jletcherella 

 Fern.). It has a life hLstor}- similar to the preceding, 

 but its case is straight, not curved. 

 Both feed on the pear and quince. 

 Small, elongate, white, ribbed 

 cocoons, nearly one-fourth of an 

 inch long, often in clusters, are sometimes 

 seen on apple bark in winter. They indicate 

 the presence of the apple-leaf bucculatrix 

 {B. ]}omifoliella Clem.). In spring the tiny, 

 delicate moths i.ssue from the cases. The larvse 

 mine the leaves. There are two broods an- 

 nually. 



Small, inconspicuous cases, covered with 

 particles of dirt and bark, are, at times, found 

 on the bark of the apple and pear. These con- 

 tain the half-grown larva of the bud-moth 

 {Tmetocera ocellana Schif., figs. 34 and 35). 

 In spring the larva feeds on the buds and 

 young leaves, webbing the leaves in a bunch 

 or nest. They pupate within this nest. The 

 moth issues in July, and is a grayish insect with a creamy white patch 

 on each fore- wing. During the summer the young larvse partiallv 

 skeletonize the leaves, feeding beneath a thin silken web. As winter 

 approaches they migrate to the twigs and form their hibernating cases. 

 There is but one brood a year. 



COLEOPTEKA (BEETLES, WEEVILS). 

 Beetles are easily known by the hard, coriaceous fore-wings that 

 cover and protect the back of the abdomen. Both in the larval and 

 the mature conditions they have biting mouth-parts, and iniurv is 



Fig. 35.— Work of bud-molh 

 larvse in opening twigs. 

 (Slingerland.) 



