64 BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS 



Fungi — molds, yeast, mildews, rusts, smuts, toadstools, 

 lichens, etc. 



Phycomycetes — algal-like fungi. 



Ascomycetes — sac fungi. 



Basidiomycetes — basidium fungi. 

 Bryophytes — "moss plants." 

 Hepaticae — liverworts . 

 Musci — mosses. 

 Pteridophytes — "fern plants. " 



Lycopodiales — club mosses, lycopods, quillworts. 



Psilotales — two small living genera. 



Sphenophyllales — a single Carboniferous genus. 



Equise tales — horsetails . 



Ophioglossales — adder's tongue, moonwort. 



Filicales — true ferns and water ferns. 

 Spermatophytes — " seed plants. " 



Gymnospermae — lower seed plants: cycads, ginkgo, coni- 

 fers, joint-firs, etc. 

 Angiospermse — higher seed plants. 



Monocotyledones. 



Dicotyledones. 



PLANT NOMENCLATURE 



Scientific Name. — The system of nomenclature in use by 

 all biologists today is the so-called binomial system. The 

 scientific name of each plant (and animal) is composed of 

 two words. For example, the scientific name of the common 

 garden bean is Phaseolus vulgaris L. The first word, Phase- 

 olus, is the name of the genus (pi. genera), or generic name; 

 the second, vulgaris, is the name of the species (pi. species) or 

 specific name. The letter "L" following the scientific name 

 of the common garden bean is the abbreviation for Linnaeus. 

 Placed in this position after the name of the plant, it signifies 



