358 BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS 



or lobed leaflets, which are whitish-pubescent beneath. The inflorescences 

 are terminal or axillary, and racemose; the flowers are white. The fruit is 

 light red, rarely yellow, and is not produced continuously throughout the 

 season. Rubus strigosus is the native, common red raspberry. It is dis- 

 tributed from North Carolina to New Mexico, northward in the Rocky 

 Mountains to Manitoba and British Columbia and eastward to Newfound- 

 land and Labrador. Cuthbert is one of the principal varieties. 



Rubus strigosus X R. occidentalis (R. neglectus). — The stems are long and 

 often rooting at the tip, glaucous, prickly, and bristly. The inflorescence is 

 racemose-cymose and has short, erect or ascending peduncles. The fruit 

 varies in color from purple-black to bright purple, and sometimes yellow. 

 Shaffer and Columbian are the chief varieties. 



The Loganberry. — This is a rather notorious fruit that has resulted from 

 crossing 1 blackberry and a raspberry. It is supposed that the blackberry 

 was the variety Aughinbaugh and the raspberry. Red Antwerp.. Aughin- 

 baugh is a pistillate variety of R. vitiJoUus. Evidence' has recently been 

 presented tending to show that the loganberry has behaved as a true species, 

 and is not a hybrid. The loganberries are large, often i to i Ji[ inches long, 

 and of a rich, dark red color, but unfortunately not of very superior flavor. 



Mayberry. — This is supposed to be a cross between a Japanese species, 

 Rubus microphyllus and Cuthbert, a variety of Rubus strigosus. 



FRAGARIA (Strawberry) 



Roots and Stems. — Strawberries are low, perennial plants 

 with very short, thick stems set close to the surface of the 

 ground. Such very short-stenamed plants are usually 

 termed "acaulescent." The branches that arise from the 

 axils of the closely set leaves are called "runners." Runners 

 are slender stems, growing along the ground surface; they 

 have long internodes, and produce leaves and flowers and 

 roots at the nodes. Runners are used as a means of propa- 

 gating the plant. They are attached to the old plant for 

 but one season. In the Virginian group of strawberries, the 

 runners start to form as early as new leaves are produced and 

 may attain a considerable length before the fruit is mature. 

 In the Chilean group, the runners are usually formed after 



' Journal of Heredity, 7: 504-507, 1916. 



