378 BOTANY- OF CROP PLANTS 



be seen in a line at right angles to an axis from stem end to 

 calyx end. Form terminology includes such terms as round, 

 oblate, conical, ovate, oblong, elliptical, etc. The flower 

 stem persists in the fruit. The depression about the stem 

 is termed the cavity. It varies in shape and depth in the 

 different varieties. At the opposite end from the cavity is 

 the basin. This also varies in character and is of taxonomic 

 value in the classification of fruits. The remains of the 

 calyx are persistent within the basin of the common apple. 

 In the pure Siberian Crabs, the calyx is deciduous, while in 

 hybrid forms of Siberian Crabs and in the common apple 

 it is partly deciduous. The dried stamens and styles may 

 be seen within the calyx lobes. 



The stamens may be basal, situated near the base of the 

 calyx tube; median, near the middle; or marginal, near the 

 outer edge. The calyx tube itself varies in shape from con- 

 ical to funnel-shaped. The calyx segments, five in number, 

 vary in their arrangement in the mature fruit. They may 

 be divergent, that is, reflexed, erect convergent, when their 

 margins touch, flat convergent, when they are flat and close 

 the tube, and connivent, when they are overlapping. In a 

 median transverse section, the "cells" in different varieties 

 vary in shape and relation to the axis of the apple. They 

 may be "open" or "closed," axile or abaxile. When the 

 walls extend to the axis, the cells are axile, and when they 

 are distant from the axis, and unsymmetrical, they are abaxile. 

 When the core line meets inside the calyx tube, the core is 

 said to be meeting; if near the calyx tube, it is clasping. 

 The core outline varies in shape. There are usually two 

 seeds in each cell cavity; however, there may be more than 

 two or fewer or sometimes none at all. They vary in size 

 and color. 



