POMACE j5E 381 



rich in malic acid. It grows wild in Ontario and North Atlantic States, west 

 to Kansas and Missouri. 



M. ioensis, Western or Prairie States Crab-apple. — It is a small tree with 

 large leaves, firm in texture and of various shapes, large flowers, and green 

 fruit with light-colored spots. It is native of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illi- 

 nois, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. 



Bechtel's Double-flowering Crab is probably a double-flowered form of 

 Malus ioensis. 



M. soulardii, Soulard Crab. — This is a natural hybrid between the common 

 apple {M. syheslris) and the Western crab-apple (M. ioensis). It is a small, 

 stout tree, with leaves similar to those of M. ioensis, in close clusters on short, 

 densely woolly pedicels; the fruit is larger and of better flavor than that of M . 

 iosnsis. It grows wild in the Mississippi Valley. 



M. sylvestris, Commoii Apple. — The common apple is a large tree with 

 twigs and under surface of leaves gray- woolly; the flowers are in close clusters, 

 and on short pedicels; the fruit is very variable. There are numerous varieties 

 differing as to form, size, (Tolor, and taste of fruit. In order to keep the va- 

 rieties true to type, propagation is vegetative rather than sexual. 



The common apple is considered to be a native of western Asia and south- 

 eastern Europe. In eastern United States, it occasionally escapes from cul- 

 tivation. It is grown commercially in all parts of the United States except 

 in Florida, the regions bordering the Gulf of Mexico, and warmer portions of 

 the Southwest. The leading apple-growing section of this country is from 

 Nova Scotia south and west to Illinois and Missouri. 



The Classification of Apples ( Malus sylvestris) .■ — There have 

 been a number of systems of classifying cultivated varieties 

 of apples. A brief sketch of the most important of these is 

 given in the American Horticultural Manual Part II, 

 Systematic Pomology. The principal classifications men- 

 tioned in the above work are those of Johann Jonston, Ger- 

 many 1668, Manger, Germany 1780, Dr. Diel, Germany 

 1792, Diel-Cochnahl, Germany 1855, Diel-Lucas, Germany 

 1856, John A. Warder, America 1867, John J. Thomas, 

 America 1849, Robert Hogg, England 1876. 



The system of Dr. Diel of Germany, was the first to be 

 widely adopted m toto or with modifications. He divided the 

 varieties into seven classes, and these into orders. These 

 classes are as follows: Ribbed apples. Rose apples. Ram- 



