642 BOTANY OF CROP PLANTS 



Awned. — Furnished with an awn or beard. 

 Axillary (buds, etc.). — In the a.xil. 



Basal. — Belonging to or attached to the base. 



Berry. — A fleshy fruit, with mesocarp and endocarp fleshy throughout, 

 and seeds imbedded therein, as grape, currant, etc. 



Biennial. — Of two years' duration; the first year from seed, the second year 

 flowering and fruiting, then dying; as in sugar beet, carrot, etc. 



Bipinnate (leaf). — Twice pinnate. 

 * Blade. — Expanded portion of a leaf. 



Bloom. — The whitish, powdery, and waxy secretion of epidermal cells. 



Brad. — A reduced scale-like leaf, above the regular foliage leaves. 



Bracteclale. — Bearing bractlets. 



Bractecle. — A small bract. 



Bulbils. — Small bulbs borne underground, as in garlic. 



Bulblets. — Small bulbs borne above ground, as in tree onions. 



Cambium. — The growing layer in the vascular bundle. 



Campanulate. — Bell-shaped. 



Campylotropous (ovule or seed). — Curved so as to bring the apex and base 

 near together. 



Capillary. — Hair-like in form. 



Capitate. — Knob-like; shaped like a head. 



Caprification. — The artificial process of pollinating figs. 



Capsule (pod). — A dry, dehiscent fruit of two or more carpels. 



Carina. — Keel. 



Carpophore. — A slender stalk to which the mericarps of the umbelliferous 

 fruit are attached. 



Caryopsis. — Synonym of grain — a dry, indehiscent one-seeded fruit in 

 which the pericarp and testa closely adhere. 



Catkin. — Ament. Scaly spike of flowers. 



Caudate. — Tailed; with a slender tail-like appendage. 



Caulijlorus. — Stem-flowering; trunks bearing flowers, as in figs. 



Cauline. — Pertaiiung or belonging to the stem. 



Chasmogamy. — Flowers that regularly open are said to show chasmogamy. 



Ciliate. — Fringed with marginal hairs. 



Cladophyll. — A leaf-like branch. 



Claw. — The narrow or stalk-like base of some petals. 



Cleft. — Cut about halfway to midrib or median line. 



Coleoptile. — Leaf sheath in grasses. 



Coleirhiza. — ^A sheath about the root. 



Commissure. — The contiguous surfaces of two carpels, as in the fruit of 

 Umbelliferje. 



