FOOD PRODUCTS OF THE SEA — FISHES. 285 



The aggregate premiums paid by the State on these 

 were 786,201 francs for the fish and 54,794 francs on the 

 cod roes imported for bait in the sardine fisheries. The 

 bounty varies from twelve to twenty francs per 100 kilos. 



The total value of the fish taken by the French 

 fisheries in 1883 was £4,289,076, being £570,000 more 

 than in 1882. The quantities caught were 34,000 tons of 

 cod, 36,000 tons of herrings, and 6,000 tons of mackerel. 

 The catch of sardines was also nearly double that of 

 the previous year. 



In Newfoundland 17,683,289 kilogrammes of cod were 

 caught by the French in 1881, and in Iceland 9,695,411 

 kilos. 



The take 6f fresh table fish (usually called " La Mar^e 

 fraJche") in 1881 was about 50,000,000 kilos., which 

 comprised turbots, brill, soles, plaice, flounders, rays, 

 gurnets, mullets, whiting, conger, salmon, lampreys, 

 sturgeons, &c. The sea fisheries for the whole Republic 

 in 1881 resulted in sales of fish of the value of nearly 

 three millions and a quarter pounds sterling. 



The fresh-water fish of France are divided into two 

 categories, according to their degree of utility for public 

 consumption. The first comprises the shad, the pike, carp, 

 chevenne (chub), sturgeon, lamprey, ombre {ThymaUm 

 vexillifer), perch, salmon, tench, trout, eel, barbel and 

 bream. The second includes the bleak, dace, bullhead, 

 stickleback, roach, gudgeon, loach, rotengle (Leuciscus 

 erythrophthalmus), vandoise {L, vulgaris), veron (L. 

 pkoxiHus), &c. 



Besides the cod, herring, mackerel, and sardine coast 

 fisheries, the "other species" of fish comprised in the 

 French returns are " barbues " (brills), turbots, soles, 

 carrelets (flounders), limandes (dabs), merlans (whiting), 

 skate, rougets, mullets, congers, salmon, lampreys, stur- 

 geons, &c. Of these there were caught in — 



