FOOD PRODUCTS OF THE SEA — FISHES, 329 



eoldered air-tight, and are ready for shipment. Some 

 persons boil the can in three waters, but two is the usual 

 number. This canned fish is now eagerly sought for in 

 the principal markets of Europe and Asia ^or its excellent 

 flavour. A large quantity is also smoked and barrelled, 

 but this is used at home, except a small portion which is 

 shipped to the Sandwich Islands. 



Salmon canning is one of the most valuable indus- 

 tries of British Columbia, and there seems to be no 

 limit to its extension. In 1.876 there were only three 

 canning establishments, which put out 8,300 cases, each, 

 containing four dozen one pound tins. In 1883 there 

 were thirty-one canneries, with an out-put of probably 

 320,000 cases, or 15,360,000 lbs. 



The king salmon {OnchorhyncJms orientalis, Pallas), is 

 the chowicpee of the Russians and the largest and finest 

 of the Alaska salmon, reaching a weight of sixty to 

 ninety pounds. It is dried for winter use by the 

 natives All dried fish is called Ukali, or Yookalee, by the 

 Russians. This is prepared by cutting the fish in three 

 slices, after removing the head, leaving the backbone in 

 the middle slice, and all three connected by the tail. 

 Two or three dry chowicpee ukali will weigh at least 

 fifty pounds, and one is accounted suflacient for a day's 

 food for six men. The more northern the ground 

 where the fish are taken, the finer their fiavour ; and 

 the chowicpee of the Yukon were held in such esteem 

 that several hogsheads were annually salted for the 

 Emperor's table by the Russians. 



The salmon fishery of Newfoundland is abundant, but 

 of secondary importance to the cod fishery. The method 

 of taking the fish is generally in nets. So plentiful is 

 the supply of fresh salmon during the season in St. 

 John's, that it is often sold at 2d. to 3d. the pound. 

 Salmon abound in many of the rivers, and the innumer- 

 able streams and lakes teem with trout, which are fre- 

 quently of large size, five or six pounds. 



About 3,000 tierces and barrels of salted salmon are 

 shipped annually, chiefly to the States and the United 



