OKANaES AND LEMONS IN CAKRARA. 401 



room ; no remedy has yet been found. All birds destroy the injurious 

 insects. 



FerUlisers — Farm manure is the best; it lasts two years. Eags, 

 horn scrapings, and sesamum are also used. The manure is placed at 

 the foot of the tree in November ; 100 kilos of dung, 30 kilos of rags, 15 

 kilos of sesamum or horn scrapings ; the quantity of manure is accord- 

 ing to the strength of the trees. 



United States Consular Aoency, 

 Mentone, May 15, 1890. 



AtTGE Olbrict, 



Consular Agent, 



ITALY. 



CARRARA. 



XEPORT BT 0ONSVL RICE. 

 [From statistics supplied liy the consular agent at Carrara.] 



ORANGES AND LEMONS IN CARRARA. 



Varieties. — There is no special nomenclature for the oranges grown 

 within this district ; the only ones differing from the common ones are 

 the red ones called sanguigni. The mandarins and citrons are raised 

 but on a limited scale. 



The lemons grown within this district are divided into two classes — 

 the sweet lemons with the thick rind, and the bitter ones with a thin 

 one ; the latter are much smaller, but contain more juice and are better 

 for preserving, therefore more in demand. 



Situation. — Lemons and oranges are produced, but not extensively ; 

 generally cultivated about 4 kilometers from the sea, with about 50 to 

 100 meters elevation, the most preferable position being one with a 

 southern warm aspect, but bearing in mind that there is always an 

 undersoil of gravel. 



Climate. — The maximum temperature is 30 degrees centigrade, mini- 

 mum, .05. Medium annual fall of rain, 395 millimeters, the greater part 

 of which falls during the months of October, November, December, 

 and January. 



Irrigation. — The irrigation is done two or three times a year, from 

 July to September, that is, during the ripening of the first crop of lem- 

 ons and when the second crop is in blossom. 



Fertilizers. — The plants are manured and hoed once a year, usually 

 during the winter. The manures used are generally stable manures, and 

 in the spring they are also enriched with liquid sewage. 



Pruning. — The plants are pruned almost to the very top every two 

 years. 



Pidking. — Lemons are gathered at various turns during 4he year and 



