692 FKUIT CTJ[/J'URE IN FOREKiN COUNTRIES. 



their pulp is easily severed fioiu the iiut aud has a violet color. Its 

 coinpouuda are : 



Pulp 5G.02 



Wafer 14.:!« 



Skiii 9-38 



Nu(. aO. l(i 



Oil from the uut .06 



Total : 100.00 



From experiments made it results that one hectoliter (2.83 bushels) 

 contains from 48,000 to 50,000 olives, the difference being ascribed to 

 the variety, according to soil, climate, aud season. Olives accumulated 

 for some weeks miglit number 54,000 or 56,000 per hectoliter (2.83 

 bushels). 



The "<iueen olives of commerce" are considered in Tuscany as the 

 selected fruit of the common olive. 



Tiiere is no system of artificial irrigation in use for olive culture in 

 Tuscany. 



The annual rain-fall in this district is about 1.067™™, equal to about 

 42 inches. 



Of&cial statistics show that the following countries import olive oil 

 from Italy, ranking in im])ortance as to quantity of oil as named : France, 

 England, Austria, Eussia, South America, United States, Ketherlands, 

 Turkey, Swedeu and Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Belgium, Greece, 

 Switzerland, Egypt, Brazil, Algiers, etc. Barrels, bottles, or tin cans 

 are used to hold the oil. 



lu Tuscany there are three prevailing diseases whicL seriously affect 

 the olive tree, viz : 



Lwpa, meaning literally wolf, but actually being a description of dead 

 rot, produced very often by excessive pruning. To cure this the affected 

 parts are gouged out and a hardening liquid preparation applied, that 

 the circulation of sap may continue. 



Mosca dell olivo (tlie olive tiy). — This insect lays its eggs into the olive 

 itself, and* when the deposit is discovered the olives are gathered im- 

 mediately. Should the eggs be allowed to remain the fruit is much 

 deteriorated, if not ruined. The eggs are red, and therefore easily dis- 

 covered. 



Bruco dell olivo (thii olive '^vi\\>). — This insect is the uio.st dangerous 

 enemy to the olive tree here, coifsumiug the aa]) and thereby drying up 

 branches and buds. When discovered the tree must be thoroughly 

 pruned, all the foliage removed, and every portion conlaining the insect 

 burned or buried away from the ]ilantation. 



ZONE I'Oi; TII13 CULTURE OF OHVl'. I'HEE. 



The zone in wliicli IIk^ Oliva I<Jiinii>if<i is most appreciated and its 

 (•nil lire most reniini(M!i.tiv(' is on I he sliores oC the Mediterranean The 



