PLANTS CULTIVATED FOE THEIE STEMS OR LEAVES. 105 



samfoin, and of which a good illustration may be found 

 in the Flora des Serves et des Jardins, vol. xiii. pi. 

 1382, has been diffused in modem times through Italy, 

 Sicily, Malta, and the Balearic Isles.* Marquis Grimaldi, 

 who first pointed it out to cultivators in 1766, had seen 

 it at Seminara, in Lower Calabria ; De Gasparin ^ recom- 

 mends it for Algeria, and it is probable that cultiva- 

 tors under similar conditions in Australia, at the Cape, 

 in South America or Mexico, would db well to try it. 

 In the neighbourhood of Orange, in Algeria, the plant 

 did not survive the cold of 6° centigrade. 



Hedysarum coronariwm grows in Italy from Genoa 

 to Sicily and Sardinia,* in the south of Spain* and 

 in Algeria,^ where it is rare. It is, therefore, a species 

 of limited geographical area. 



Purple Clover — TrifoliMm pratense, Linnaeus. 



Clover was not cultivated in ancient times, although 

 the plant was doubtless known to nearly all the peoples 

 of Europe and of temperate Western Asia. Its use was 

 first introduced into Flanders in the sixteenth century, 

 perhaps even earlier, and, according to Schwerz, the 

 Protestants expelled by the Spaniards carried it into 

 Germany, where they established themselves under the 

 protection of the Elector Palatine. It was also from 

 Flanders that the English received it in 1633, through 

 the influence of Weston, Earl of Portland, then Lord 

 Chancellor." 



Trifolivmi pratense is wild throughout Europe, in 

 Algeria,' on the mountains of Anatolia, in Armenia, 

 and in Turkestan,^ in Siberia towards the Altai Moun- 

 tains,* and in Kashmir and GarwhalL*" 



' Targioni-Tozzetti, Cermi Storici, p. 35 ; Mares and Virgineix, Catal 

 des BaUares, p. 100. 



* De Gasparin, Cours d'Agric, iv. p. 472. 

 ' Bertoloni, Flm-a Ital., viii. p. 6. 



* Willkomm and Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 262. 

 ' Munby, Catal., edit. 2, p. 12. 



' De Gasparin, Cows d'Agric, iv. p. 445, according to Schwerz and 

 A. Young. 



' Manby, Catal., edit. 2, p. 11. " Boissier, Fl. Orient, i. p. 115, 



* Ledebour, M. Ross., i. p. 548. 



" Baker, in Hooker's Fl. of Brit. Ind., ii. p. 86. 



