PLANTS CULTIVATED FOB THEIR FEITITS. 185 



Arabs. It was they who introduced it into Spain, and 

 most likely also into the east of Africa. The Portuguese 

 found it on that coast when they doubled the Cape ia 

 1498.^ There is no ground for supposing that either the 

 bitter or the sweet orange existed in Africa before the 

 Middle Ages, for the myth of the garden of Hesperides 

 may refer to any species of the order AwrarvtiacecB, and 

 its site is altogether arbitraiy, since the imagination of 

 the ancients was wonderfully fertile. 



The early Anglo-Indian botanists, such as Eoxburgh, 

 Royle, Griffith, Wight, had not come across the bitter 

 orange wild; but there is every probability thaji- the' 

 eastern region of India was its original country. JW%.llich 

 mentions Silhet,** but without asserting that the species 

 was wild in this locality. Later, Sir Joseph Hooker* 

 saw the bitter orange certainly wild in several districts 

 to the south of the Himalayas, from Garwal and Sikkim' 

 as far as Khasia. The fruit was spherical or slightly 

 flattened, two inches in diameter, bright in colour, and 

 uneatable, of mawkish and bitter taste (" if I remember 

 right," says the author). Citrus fusca, Loureiro,* similar, 

 he says, to pi. 23 of Eumphius, and wild in Cochin-China 

 and China, may very likely be the bitter orange whose 

 area extends to the east. 



Sweet Orange — Italian, Arancio dolce; German, 

 Apfelsme. Citrus Aurantium simense, Gallesio. 



Koyle^ says that sweet oranges giow wild at Silhet 

 and in the NUgherry Hills, but his assertion is not 

 accompanied with sufficient detail to give it importance. 

 According to the same author, Turner's expedition 

 gathered "delicious" wild oranges at Buxedwar, a 

 locality to the north-east of Eungpoor, in the province 

 of Bengal. On the other hand, Brandis and Sir Joseph 

 Hooker do not mention the sweet orange as wild in 



' Gallesio, p. 240. Goeze, Beiira j zur Kernntniss der Oramgengewachge, 

 1874, p. 13, qnotea early Portuguese travellers on this head. 



* Wallioh, Catalogue, No. 6384. 



* Hooker, Fl. of Brit. Ind., i. p. 515. 



* Lonreiro, PI. Cochin., p. S71. 



' Eoyle, niustr. of Eimal., p. 129. He quotes Turner, Jowmeu to 

 Thibet, pp. 20, 387. 



