29 



the latter fact only emphasises the opinion that much of our 

 east coast migration is quite unconnected with that occurring 

 in the former locality. As the Lapland Bunting also breeds 

 throughout Northern America, its spread westward has probably 

 been accomplished in a similar manner to that of the Shore Lark. 

 But those individuals breeding in North- Western Europe seem to 

 have a tendency to migrate in the autumn to the south-east 

 rather than to the south as, no doubt, was the habit of the Shore 

 Lark until comparatively recent times. 



i'rom species having a breeding range extending throughout 

 Northern Europe and Asia, we must now turn to two others, 

 which have up to the present, not been detected nesting in the 

 former continent, viz., the Yellow-browed Warbler and Eichard's 

 Pipit, to both of which Herr Gatke makes very frequent allusion. 

 Though neither have been known to breed, on unimpeachable 

 evidence within the boundaries of Europe, it cannot be said with 

 truth that the full extent of their breeding areas is at all 

 completely known. > 



In the ease of the Yellow-browed Warbler, the late Henry 

 Seebohm was the first to take authenticated eggs in the valley 

 of the Yenesay, in lat. 66°. He found the birds breeding up to 

 about lat. 68°, as we learn from his work " Siberia in Asia." 

 Since his memorable journey little or nothing has been added, to 

 our knowledge, of any further westward extent of its breeding 

 range ; but that the valley of the Yenesay forms the limit is very 

 unlikely. It must not be forgotten that several Asiatic species, 

 such as the Petchora Pipit, Siberian Stonechat, Yellow-headed 

 Wagtail, Siberian Chiff-Chaff breed in North-Eastern Europe ; 

 the same observer having met with them in the valley of the 

 Petchora. It seems, therefore, not unreasonable to suppose that 

 the Yellow-browed Warbler breeds very near to, if not within, 

 the European portions of the Eussian empire. In any case, Herr 

 Gatke is hardly justified in alluding to it as " a little East Asiatic 

 species," or as a species from the extreme east of Asia (p. 77)- 

 The Yenesay in lat. 66° is within 700 miles of the Urals. 

 Such a description seems to quite over-state the facts of its 

 distribution. A similar exaggeration is apparent in the author's 

 remarks on its occurrence in Heligoland. On p. 288 he writes : 



