A GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 37 



Axil, the angle formed, for example, at the attachment of a leaf 



to a stem. 

 Axillary, growing in an axil. 

 Axis, usually appUed to the stem. 



Beak, sometimes applied to the curved and pointed extremity of 



a fruit ; or the hooded portion of a corolla, such as Pedicularis. 

 Biennial, requiring two years to complete its life-history, after 



which the plant dies. 

 Bifid, 2-cleft. 



BiPiNNATE, twice-pinnate ; e.g. the leaflets of Osmunda. 

 BiPiNNATiFiD, applied to pinnate leaves whose segments are doubly 



cut or lobed ; e.g. Matricaria. 

 Bract, a small leaf at the base of a flower-stalk ; or the divisions 



of an involucre. 

 Bud, the unopened leaf or flower. 

 Bulb, a modified stem, usually subterranean, consisting of a series 



of succulent leaves, containing reserve material, such as an 



onion. 

 Bulbil, a bud which falls from certain flowers or leaves and is 



capable of reproducing the plant, as in some Alliums and 



Lilies. 



C^SPITOSE, tufted, when stems are very short, close, and many 



together. 

 Calcicole, applied to plants which thrive best on calcareous, or 



limestone, soils. 

 Calcifuge, applied to plants which avoid calcareous soils. 

 Calyx, the sepals considered as a whole. 

 Campanulate, in the form of a bell. 

 Capillary, hair-like ; very fine, but hollow. 

 Capitulum or Head, an inflorescence in which the flowers are stem- 

 less, and arranged on a terminal expansion of the axis ; e.g. 



many Compositee. 

 Capsule, a dry seed-vessel containing many seeds and composed 



of two or more carpels. 

 Carpel, the divisions of the ovary or capsule. 

 Carpophore, a small support to the capsules of certain plants, 



as in many Silenes. 

 Cartilaginous, of the consistence and colour of cartilage ; e.g. the 



border of many Saxifrage leaves. 

 Catkin, a dense spike of unisexual apetalous flowers, which are 



shed as a whole. 

 Cells, the units of which plant or animal tissue is built up. 

 Cellular, composed of cells. 



Chlorophyll, the green colouring-matter of plants. 

 Ciliated, fringed with longish hairs or cilia. 



