ERICACE^ 199 



and stones. Leaves often dry, annual, toothed, wedge-shaped or 

 narrowly obovate, running into the leaf-stalk, ciliate at the base, 

 otherwise glabrous, reticulately veined. The new leaves are not 

 developed at time of flowering. Flowers 2-6, arranged in a 

 raceme at the summit of the branches, small, greenish or reddish 

 white. Drupe green, then red, and finally blue-black, not ripening 

 till the second year. 



Stony places on the calcareous Alps up to 8500 feet. May, June. 



Distribution. — Carpathians, Eastern, Central, and Western Alps ; 

 Jura, Pyrenees ; high mountains of Europe ; Arctic Europe and 

 Asia ; Rocky Mountains. British. 



Ardosta-phylos Uva ursi L. Red Bearberry. (Plate XII.) 



A small, much-branched shrub 3-6 feet high. Leaves evergreen, 

 glossy above, with sunken dots (brown glands) beneath, usually 

 entire, but rarely, as in the drawing, somewhat toothed, leathery, 

 net-veined. Flowers white or pale pink, larger than the last, in 

 compact, drooping, terminal racemes. Berries globular, bright red, 

 smooth and shining. 



Dry, rocky, or heathy places in the plains, sub-Alps, and Alps 

 up to 8000 feet ; rarely 9000 feet. On heaths In Scotland. April, 

 May. 



Distribution. — Central and Northern Europe, Asia and N. America 

 to the Arctic Circle. 



Calluna Salisb. 

 Calluna vulgaris Hull. Ling, or Heather. 



Small, straggling shrubs. Leaves acicular, very small and short. 

 Flowers pink or rarely white. Stamens with anthers dorsally fixed. 

 Calyx coloured like the corolla, with 4 small bracts at the base. 



Heaths, woods, and mountain-sides up to 8800 feet in Switzer- 

 land, preferring siliceous rocks. July to October. 



Distribution. — Central and Northern Europe to the Arctic Circle, 

 Western Asia, Morocco, Azores. N. America. British Isles. 



Erica L. Heath. 



About 400 species inhabiting Europe, the Mediterranean region, 

 and S. Africa, but with only oneHruly native species in Switzerland, 

 viz. Erica carnea ; for though E. vagans (the Cornish Heath) grows 

 in the Canton de Geneve in a wood near Juvigny, and at the foot 

 of the Voirons above Lake Leman, it is doubtfully indigenous, 

 though it is native on French territory to the west. 



Erica carnea L. 



A shrubby, somewhat prostrate plant, with branches 3 inches 

 to I foot long, erect or ascending, glabrous like the whole plant. 

 Leaves 4 or more in a whorl, deciduous, acicular. Flowers in 



