BORAGINACEiE 221 



Calyx 5-partite. Nutlets 4, with a thickened border. Not always 

 easy to distinguish from the common C. officinale, which grows in 

 sandy, waste places in Switzerland, as in England. 



Mountain woods ; infrequent. May, June. 



Distribution. — Alps, Jura, Vosges, Corbieres, Pyrenees, Cevennes, 

 Central Europe, Western Asia ; rare in England. 



Lappula Moench. 



Flowers regular, small, blue. Corolla saucer-shaped, closed at 

 the throat by 5 small scales. Nutlets 4, trigonous, bordered by 

 several rows of barbed bristles. About 50 species inhabiting 

 temperate regions of Old and New World. 



Lappula echinata Gilib. (Echinospermum Lappula Lehm.). 



Stem branched in the upper part, hispid and grey like the whole 

 plant. Fruit-stalks erect. Flowers in small axillary clusters, sky- 

 blue. Nutlets finely tubercled outside, the side angles edged with 

 2 rows of hooked hairs. 



Dry, waste places in the plains and sub-Alps. June to August. 



Distribution. — Most of Europe, Western and Northern Asia, 

 Japan, N. Africa. 



Lappula deflexa Garcke [Echinospermum deflexum Lehm.). 



Fruit - stalks reflexed. Stem branching from the middle or 

 lower. Leaves lanceolate, the upper ones sessile. Fruit winged 

 and bordered with only one row of hooked bristles. Flowers 

 small, blue. Scarcely distinguishable from the last except by the 

 fruit. 



Stony places and shady gorges in the mountains. June to August. 

 Seen by the author as high as about 6600 feet in Southern Savoy 

 (above Lanslebourg). 



Distribution. — Switzerland, Savoy, Dauphiny, Central and 

 Northern Europe (Norway), Altai, Siberia. 



ASPERUGO L. 



Asperugo procumbens L. Madwort (the only species). 



A coarse, straggling weed ; annual. Stems branched, hispid 

 like the leaves, climbing or recumbent, and clinging to objects by 

 small prickles which are turned downwards. Leaves rough, oblong- 

 elliptic. Flowers small, i or 2 together in the leaf-axils. Corolla 

 violet at first, then blue, rarely white. Tube whitish. Throat 

 furnished with scales. Calyx-lobes 5, large and irregular, enlarged 

 after flowering and concealing the fruit. 



Rubbish-heaps and waste places and fields near dwellings ; 

 changeable and erratic. June to August. 



Distribution. — Europe, including Norway and the Alps, Pyrenees 



