104 TEETIAET VEETEBEATA OE THE EAYtM. 



extensive muscle-attachments. The facial processes of the premaxillse form the lateral 

 borders of the nasal opening ; above they expand slightly and unite in suture with the 

 nasals. The suture with the maxilla runs downwards and forwards and crosses the 

 alveolar border immediately behind i. 3. The palatal region is almost completely 

 concealed by the forward prolongations of the maxillae, which Avill be referred to 

 below. 



The maxilloB {mx.) are very large and greatly elongated elements ; their palatine 

 plates are narrow and their alveolar borders are straight and parallel with one another. 

 Posteriorly the palatine plates are separated by the palatines, which, in the specimen 

 figured on PI. VIII., extend forwards as far as the level of the anterior crest of vi. 1. 

 It appears, however, that some change in the relative position of the palatines and the 

 molar series takes place as the hinder molars come into position, for in another 

 specimen, in which the last molar is in wear, the anterior end of the palatines is 

 opposite m. 2, and the posterior border of the palate opposite the hind lobe of m. 3. 

 Anteriorly the maxillae send forwards plates of bone beneath the palatine surface of 

 the premaxillse, extending almost up to the sockets of the anterior incisors. This same 

 peculiarity may be seen in the later Proboscideans, in which the anterior prolongations 

 of the maxillae may actually help to form part of the hinder border of the alveoli of 

 the tusks, to the support of which they greatly contribute. There seems to be a 

 single elongated anterior palatine vacuity, lying between the premaxillae and the 

 slightly divergent anterior prolongations of the maxillae. The facial portion of the 

 maxilla meets the nasal above, thus cutting off the frontal from the premaxilla by a 

 short interval. The relations with the lachrymal cannot be made out, but the union 

 with the frontals forms a long straight suture running downwards and backwards ; 

 its posterior end is obscure in all specimens. The zygomatic process arises considerably 

 above the alveolar border ; its base is very long, its anterior end being considerably in 

 front of the anterior premolar {'pm. 2), the posterior opposite the hinder border of 

 pm. 4. Anteriorly the process is perforated by a large antorbital foramen (PL IX. 

 fig. 1, a.o.f.), which opens on the face immediately over the anterior end oi. pm. 2. 

 Above it forms the floor of the orbit in front, and behind it is overlapped by the jugal. 

 The free portion of the zygomatic process is short and stout. 



The jugal {ju.) is large and forms the greater part of the zygomatic arch. 

 Posteriorly it runs back beneath the zygomatic process of the squamosal as far as the 

 o-lenoid cavity, in the formation of which it takes a small share. In front of this 

 the bone curves gently downwards, and anteriorly it overlaps the zygomatic process 

 of the maxilla, with which it unites in a long suture, nearly straight externally, 

 but >-shaped on the inner face of the arch. The anterior extremity of the bone, 

 together with the underlying maxilla, forms a small postorbital projection, which 

 marks the posterior limit of the orbit, which was very small. 



The palatines {pi.), as above described, form the hinder portion of the hard 



