BOTANY. 



masses in the large vacuole ; tliese again may produce vacuoles within 

 themselves, and thus give rise to a peculiar and at first sight perplex, 

 ing structure (Fig. 4). 



6.— The most remarkable peculiarity of living protoplasm is 

 its physical activity. When the proper conditions are pres- 

 ent, a living mass of protoplasm is apparently never at rest, 



but, on the contrary, 

 continually altering its 

 shape and changing the 

 position of its constit- 

 uent parts. The move- 

 ments are all of the 

 same general nature ; 

 each one may be regard- 

 ed as the aggregate re- 

 sult of the chemical and 

 physical changes taking 

 place in the substance 

 of the protoplasm. 



We may study the ac- 

 tivity of protoplasm 

 under two conditions, 

 which will give us the 

 two cases. (1.) The 

 Activity of Naked Pro- 

 Fig. 4.— Forms of the profoplasm contained in toplasm, and (3. ) The 

 cells. A and B, of Indian Coni iZert main) \ A, . ,. ■, j. -tt , t 

 cells from the first leal-shiar'i of a germinaling ACtlVltV 01 1 rotoplasm 

 plant, showing the frothy condition of the proto- ov,„i„„„j ; pi ii n 



plasm, the many vacuoles separated by thin tncioseci in a L-ell-Wall. 



plates. 5, cells from the first Internode of the rr rpim AnHTri+Tr nf 



germinating pi nt; the protoplasm Is broken up '• ■"•"^V .a.ciivixy OI 

 mto many rounded mas-ea, in each of which 1 here Naked Protoralasm 

 is a vacuole, b \ these are the so-called " sa■p-ve^i- .„, , f • 



cles." C, a cell from the tuber of the Jerupnlem Ihe low Orffanisms 

 Artichoke (HeSaKi/HMtoSeTOSMs) after the action of , r\ nr 



iodine and dilute sulphuric acid; h, cell-wall; k, iCIlOWn aS the MilXOWy- 

 nucleus :», contracti'd protoplasm.— After Sachs. , cii- -»"> nV 



cefes, or Shme Moulds, 

 present the best examples of the activity of naked vegetable 

 protoplasm. In their plasmodia (as the ma.';ses of naked proto- 

 plasm are called), many kinds of movements may be observed 

 the commonest of which is streaming. In plasmodia com- 

 posed of thin {i.e., watery) protoplasm, streams or currents 

 of the latter may be seen running in various directions 



