346 



BOTANY. 



450.— The sexual organs are situated in depressions in ■ 

 the upper side of the thallus, or upon the sides or ends of 

 the stems, and are surrounded by peculiarly developed leaves 

 [perichcetium) in the leaf-bearing forms. 



451. — The antheridium is a more or less globular — usually 

 stalked — body, which arises from a single cell (hence mor- 

 phologically a trichome) by the repeated subdivision of its 

 terminal cells. Its outer wall consists of a single layer of 

 cells {C, Fig. 231, iv), and its cavity is filled with a large 

 number of sperm-cells, each of which contains a single 

 spermatozoid. The sperm-cells escajDC by the breaking of 

 the antheridium wall, and in the water in which this always 

 takes place they rupture, and the spermatozoids are set free. 

 Each spermatozoid is a spirally curved slender thread of 



Pis. S33. 



Fio. 234. 



Rg. 833.— Development of the anlheriilia of MarchnnUn polymorpha, in a section 

 of ayonn^ nnthei-inial dipc. r, the growing anterior margin of thediec: from r to 

 the lelt are shown the antheridia (a, a, a. a) in fonr stages of deveinpment; at m, sp, 

 sp, arechown the siages of development, of the stomara above ihe air cavities be- 

 tween the antheridia. x 300.— After Hofmeist. r. 



Fig. 334.— j1, longitudinal nection of the apex of the thallus of Siccia glauca. ar 

 archegonium; c, germ-cell. B. the unripe sporogonium, sg, surrounded by the calyp- 

 rra. which still bears the necli of the archegonium, ar. jl X 560 ; .B X 300.— After 

 Hofmeister. 



protoplasm, provided at the anterior end with two long 

 ciha (D, Fig. 331). 



452. — In some cases the antheridia are developed singly 

 upon the upper surface of the thallus, as in Bdccia (Fig. 

 232). In this particular case the antheridium is developed 

 directly from an epidermal cell {A, Fig. 232, a), and so is 

 at first external ; it, however, soon becomes overarched 



