O TMN08PERMJE. 



399' 



Fig. 294.— Female flower of Calli- 

 tria quadrivalvis. d^ d, decuBsatina; 

 carpellary leaves ; Kb, six ovules. 

 Magnified.— After Sachs. 



in tlie foregoing. The bract is smaller, however, and the 

 scale attached to it soon becomes very large, thick, and 

 woody (Figs. 389, 290, and 391). The bract and scale in 

 this case have nearly the same relative proportions when 

 young as they have in the mature 

 cone of Abies pectinata. (Com- 

 pare Fig. 388 with Figs. 393-3.) 

 In other cases, as in CalUtris 

 quadrivalvis, the axis is short, 

 and the phyllomes {d, Pig. 394) 

 which bear the ovules are only 

 four in number (Fig. 394, Ks, 

 the ovules). In Taxus iaccata 

 the flower is still more simple. 

 It appears in the axil of a foliage 

 leaf, and is a scaly axis, resembling a small cone ( G, Fig. 

 384). The lower scales do not, however, bear ovules, and 

 at the top of the axis is a single naked ovule [D and E, Fig. 

 384). This simplicity is carried a step further in Ginkgo, 

 where the female flowers are merely naked axes, which bear 



no bracts or scales, 

 and produce but two 

 ovules at their sum- 

 mits (Fig. 395, sTc).* 

 The female flower 

 of Gycas revoluta is 

 a rosette of phyl- 

 lomes, which bear 

 some resemblance to 

 foliage leaves, being, 

 however, smaller. 

 Fig. 295.— A shoot of oinTcgo biioba. es, ovnies brownish, and hairy. 



in pairs atthe ends of naked axes; above and on the ai j.-l I^wqt 



right are shown fragments of two leaves, which -tiiung uue 1 o w B 1 

 are seen to be broad. Nat. size.— After Sachs. parts of their mar- 



gins they produce a number of spherical naked ovules (sk, 



* The morphology of the flowers of Ginkgo, as here given, is by no 

 means satisfactory. Instead of the ovules being borne upon naked 

 axes, it is probable that they are in reality upon foliar organs — i.e.,. 

 either modified leaves, somewhat as in Oycao, or upon elongated homo- 



