518 BOTANY. 



of South America, the West Indies, Ceylon, India, and many of 

 the Pacific islands. Although originally from the same species, the 

 Coffee trees now grown in different parts of the world produce seeds 

 varying much in size, color, and quality; thus in "Mocha," from 

 Arabia and Abyssinia, the seeds are small, of a dark yellow color, and 

 when roasted produce an infusion of a most delicious quality ; in ' .Tava 

 coffees " the seeds are larger, of a paler yellow color, and of scarcely in- 

 ferior quality to the preceding ; the coffees of Ceylon, West Indies, and 

 Brazil (the latter particularly known as " Rio ") have Seeds of vary- 

 ing sizes, and of a bluish or greenish-gray color, and their infusions 

 are generally inferior to those of the other varieties. 



Ruhia tinetoria, a perennial herb, native of the South of Europe and 

 Western Asia, is the Madder Plant, now grown in many parts of the 

 world for its roots, which yield the red dye known as Madder. The 

 plant has whorled leaves and bears some resemblance to some species 

 of Galium. 



Among the ornamental plants of the order are many species of Gdr- 

 denia from China and Africa, Ixora, Portlandia, Bouvardia, etc. 



Order Caprifoliacese. — Mostly woody plants, with generally zygo- 

 morphic flowers and stipulate leaves. This small family of two hun- 

 dred species is mostly confined to the Northern Hemisphere. A dras- 

 tic and purgative principle is common in the plants of the order, but 

 none of the species are of much importance in medicine. Many species 

 are ornamental — e.g., those of Lonicera, the Honeysuckles ; Symphori- 

 carpus, the Snowberries ; Diermlla, the Bush-Honeysuckles, one spe- 

 cies from Japan called Weigelia ; Viburnum, the Snowball, etc., etc. 



Samhucus, the Elder, has edible berries, which are much used for 

 making into pies, preserves, jellies, wine, etc., in many parts of the 

 United States. 



III. CHOEIPETAL^(PoLTPBTAL^ of authors). Plants 

 whose flowers generally have both calyx and corolla, the lat- 

 ter of separate petals. 



590.— Cohort XXII. TJmbellales.— ]?lowers iisually actin- 

 omorphic ; ovary inferior, one- to many-celled ; ovules soli- 

 tary, pendulous ; seeds with endosperm. 



Order Cornacese.— The Dogwood Family. Shrubs or trees, rarely 

 herbs, with mostly opposite simple leaves ; fruit a berry or drupe. A 

 small order of about seventy-five species, mostly of the north temperate 

 zone. 



Several native and European species of Cornus are cultivated as orna- 

 mental shrubs. 



Aueuba Japonica. from Japan, is a fine shrub of the flower-gardens. 



The wood of Gornus florida, the Flowering Dogwood of the Eastern 



