APPENDIX. I. 



Since the rest of this work has been printed further 

 information bearing upon the matters discussed in it has 

 come to my knowledge. Some of these data are of 

 sufficient importance, especially from their bearing upon 

 the problems of geographical distribution, to justify the 

 writing of an appendix. 



The discovery of the art of purple-dyeing has been 

 attributed to the Tyrian tutelary deity Melkart, who is 

 identified with Baal by many writers. According to Julius 

 Pollux ("Onomasticon," i., iv.) and Nonnus ("Dionys.," XL., 

 306) Hercules (Melkart) was walking on the seashore 

 accompanied by his dog and a Tyrian nymph, of whom 

 he was enamoured. The dog having found a Murex with 

 its head protruding from its shell, devoured it, and thus 

 its mouth became stained with the purple. The nymph, 

 on seeing the beautiful colour, bargained with Hercules 

 to provide her with a robe of like splendour. He obtained 

 the shell-fish, extracted the purple, and dyed for her the 

 first robe of Tyrian purple, thus acquiring her favour. In 

 the exergue of some of the coins of Tyre is represented 

 this discovery of the purple-shell by the hound of Her- 

 cules. 



In Coleman's " Mythology of the Hindus," (London, 

 1832), a remarkable picture is given (Plate 5, fig. 2) of the 

 fish-incarnation of Vishnu with an animal resembling a 

 dog issuing out of a conch-shell at his feet. The asso- 

 ciation of a dog with Vishnu and his most sacred chank 

 is hardly likely to have been invented by the worshippers 

 of Vishnu, for to the Hindu the dog is unholy and an 

 object of dread. This idea could hardly have originated 

 in India itself, but was bi'ought there along with a host of 

 other bizarre conceptions. 



In the legend of the discovery of the purple dye we 

 have seen the mystic association (or companionship) of 

 the god with the conch-shell and the dog. In the Indian 

 picture we see a representation of the identical conception. 



In the foot-notes to Rawlinson's " History of 

 Herodotus " (London, 1858, vol. ii., pp. 414-5, footnote 2), 

 there is a reference to a shell in the hand of a statue of a 



