212 



Index — continued. 



194; California, 193-194; Caucasus, 

 130-131: Ceylon, 170; China, 177- 

 183; Crete, 134; Ecuador, 194; 

 Egypt, 74. 128-130, 138, 140-141, 

 163, 205; France, 133-135; Ger- 

 many, 130-134; Greece, 140; Hawaii 

 Islands, 174; Hungary, 140; India, 

 140, 164-170; . India, Further, 171- 

 172; Indonesia, 172-174; Italy, 133, 

 136-137; Japan, 183-184, 2oSj Mal- 

 dives, 167-168, 171; Melanesia, 175; 

 Micronesia, 175; Montenegro, 140; 

 Norway, 140 ; Nubia, 128-129 ; 

 Paraguay, 207 ; Persia, 140; Philip- 

 pines, 174 ; Polynesia, 175-176 ; 

 Russia, 131, 139, 205; Sicily, 139; 

 Spain, 134; Sweden, 130; Thibet, 

 172. 



" Crab-stones," or " crab's eyes," 92, 

 96. 



Crete. Early discovery of shell-purple 

 in, 9; early use of shell-trumpets 

 in, 33, 61; cultural use of cowry in, 



134- 

 Currency. See Cowries; also Pearls, 

 Haliotis, and Tortoise-shells. 



Death. Shell-trumpets associated with, 

 37-38, 41, 44; pearls ditto, 89-90, 

 loo-ioi, 106, 112-117, 204; cowries 

 ditto, 74, 'loo, 128-138, 145, 147, 

 153-154, i59-:6i, 164, 169-170, 182, 

 183, 186-194, 205. 



Divination. Cowries used for, 140-141, 

 145, 155, 158-159, 161, 170; tortoise 

 used for, 182. 



Dog, The. Unholy to the Hindu, 195; 

 associated with Hercules (Melkart), 

 195, with Vishnu, 195; whelk named 

 after, 196. 



Dragon, The. Stag-headed, in Japan, 

 63; emerging from conch-shells, 67- 

 68; pearls associated with, 102-104. 



Early purple-fishery, 9, 195. 

 Ear-piercing. Shell-trumpets used 



at, 



51- 



J'- 



Evil eye, charms against. See Cowries. 

 " Eye-stones," or opthalme, 92. 



Fasciolaria-shcWs, as trumpets, 50-51, 

 203; associated with Mexican gods, 

 51-52; associated with Maya gods. 

 56. 



I'crli'ily charms. See Cowries. 



Fish Incarnations. See Vishnu. 

 Fishing charms. See Cowries. 

 Fog-horns. ^Miaj-shells used for, 39. 

 Fresh-water pearls. See Pearls. 

 Fusus-^e&s, as trumpets, 39-40; found 

 in Japanese shell-mounds, 19. 



Gaetulian Purple, 15. 



God in the Shell, 44, 52-58, 64-68, 



177- 

 Gods represented by shell-trumpets, 44. 

 Games. See under Cowries. 



Haliotis-&hel\. Known as Ear of Venus, 

 xii; as currency, xii; cultural use 

 of, 49, 106-107, 110, 122, 193; 

 pearls found in, 106-107, 122; found 

 in ancient burials, 122; placed in 

 mouth of dead, 204. 



Harvest-rites. Shell-trumpets used at, 

 36-37. 49-51- 54. 198-201. 



Head-hunting. Shell-trumpets associa- 

 ted with, 41; cowries associated with, 

 142, 160, 172, 174. 



Hercules (Melkart). Discovery of pur- 

 ple dye attributed to, 195; dog 

 associated with, 195. 



Hindu chank-cult, 35-38, 53-55, 58- 

 59, 19S-196. 



Hindu gods. Shells associated with, 

 35. 53-55. 58-59. 6r, 195-196; com- 

 pared with Aztec gods, 53-55, 57-58. 

 with Maya gods, 58-61, with Japan- 

 ese gods, 62-63; tortoise associated 

 with, 59-60; adorned with pearls, 87. 

 See also Vishnu, Siva, Indra, and 

 Varuna. 



Human beings emerging from shells, 

 55, 62, 65-67. 



Hunting charms. See Cowries. 



Indian Fish-god. See Matsya. 



Indra, Vedic god, 58, 68; compared 

 with Tlaloc, the Mexican Rain God," 

 58, with Chac, the Maya Rain God, 



57-58- 

 Initiation. Shell-trumpets associated 

 with, 41-42; pearls and pearl-shell 

 associated with, 87; cowries associa- 

 ted with, 154-155, 184-186. 



Japanese god. Shell associated with, 

 62; fish incarnation of, 62; com- 

 pared with the Hindu god, Vishnu, 

 62-63; tortoise associated with, 63. 



