CHAPTER V. BUDS AND BRANCHES 
I. MODES OF BRANCHING 
Materia. — For determinate growth, have twigs of an alternate and 
an opposite-leaved plant showing well-developed terminal buds: hickory, 
sweet gum, cottonwood, poplar, chestnut, are good examples of the 
first; maple, ash, horse-chestnut, viburnum, of the second; for the two- 
forked kind, mistletoe, buckeye, horse-chestnut, jimson weed, lilac. For 
showing indefinite growth: rose, willow, sumach, and ailanthus are good 
examples. Gummy buds, like horse-chestnut and poplar, should be 
soaked in warm water before dissecting, to soften the gum; the 
same treatment may be applied when the scales are too brittle to be 
handled without breaking. Buds with heavy fur on the scales cannot 
very well be studied in section; the parts must be taken out and 
examined separately. 
144. Modes of branching. — Compare the arrangement 
of the boughs on a pine, cedar, magnolia, etc., with those 
of the elm, maple, apple, or any of our 
common deciduous trees. Draw a diagram 
of each, showing the two modes of growth. 
The first represents the 
excurrent kind, from the 
Latin excurrere, to run 
“{7 out; the second, in which 
“4 the trunk seems to di- 
vide at a certain point 
and flow away, losing 
itself in the branches, 
w2"" is called  deliquescent, ‘ 
oe ees from the Latin deliques- Fis. 148. — Diagram 
growth. cere, to melt or flow away. of deliquescent growth. 
The great majority of stems, as a little observation will 
show, present a combination of the two modes. 
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