THE FLOWER 207 
_ 228. The vertical order.— The difference in vertical 
arrangement is an important one. Bear in mind that flowers 
of this type have the ovary inferior, that is, inserted under 
the other organs (Figs. 296, 304), which are then said to be 
superior, or epigynous, a word which, as you know from the 
prefix epi (47), means over or above the pistil. To make the 
matter clear, the two sets of terms employed for describing 
the position of the ovary are given below in parallel columns: 
Hypogynous Epigynous 
Ovary superior Ovary inferior 
Calyx or perianth inferior Calyx or perianth superior 
The epigynous arrangement is considered as marking a 
higher stage of floral development than the hypogynous, 
which is characteristic of a more 
simple and primitive structure. 
226. Dissection of a dicotyl 
flower.— Sketch a blossom of 
quince or apple, fuchsia, evering 
primrose, etc., first from the out- 
side, then from the inside, and 
then in vertical section, labeling 
the parts as in 
your other 
sketches. No- | 
tice in the pear 
or apple how 
the ovary is 
sunk in the 
hollowed-out 
receptacle. Fires. 295-296. —Evening primrose, dicotyl flower with in- 
Wh ferior ovary: 295, exterior view; 296, longitudinal section, 
ere are the showing vertical arrangement of parts. 
other parts 
attached? Are they inferior or superior? Hold up a petal 
to the light and ‘examine its venation through a lens. (Use 
for this purpose a petal from a flower that has stood in red 
ink for two or three hours.) Is it parallel-veined or net- 
