308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [J une, 
by wild birds. While the remaining one was refused by three species 
of birds and disregarded by others, it also is eaten by wild birds. 
Table IV presents the results for “bright-colored or conspicuous 
insects other than larve.” It deals with fifteen forms, four of which 
are not shown to be distasteful to any animal; two are included on 
the basis of disregard only, and four were accepted and refused by 
the same class of enemies. One of the remaining five, i.e., Anthro- 
cera filipendula, imago, refused by lizards in these experiments, was 
eaten by lizards in the 1887 experiments (I.c.). Concerning another 
insect of this group, namely, Abraxas grossulariata, Poulton notes 
(p. 220) his opinion that Butler’s record of frogs eating the moth 
must be a mistake. It is noteworthy, however, that he uses others 
of Butler’s records without question. Butler later affirmed the 
correctness of his note, and showed that the same insect is taken by 
some birds. ; 
Tables I-IV deal with forty-four insects, nine, or 17 per cent., of 
which are not shown to be distasteful to any animal; another nine 
were both accepted and rejected by the same classof enemies. Eighteen 
were either disregarded or rejected by birds, and at least nine of 
these are known to be eaten by wild British birds. We have pointed 
out above inconsistencies of some-of the other cases with other 
experiments. In fact, as may be seen on p. 313, in seven out of eight 
possible direct comparisons of these experiments with those of 
Pocock, the only other extensive series using British insects, the 
- results are inconsistent. . 
Eight of the insects of the distasteful groups in these tabulations. 
were fed to hungry lizards, in experiments performed by Poulton 
in 1887, and all were accepted. The behavior of the lizards in the 
cases reported contrasts strongly with that shown in the previous 
experiments as shown in the following table of comparisons. 
Brrps: : 1886. 1887. 
Orgyia antiqua, larva ......... ... 
Sete DD) A 
Vanessa urtic®, PUPA... cc cae R A 
LizaRbs: 
Euchelia jacobe, dio er ee AZ R4D A 
Pygera bucephala, |... 2.0... ... A&3 R3D A 
Porthesia auriflua,l.. 2 R2 A 
Anthrocera filipendula, ad... uu... R A 
Abraxas grossulartata, doi. ccs oo A1R7D2 A 
58‘ Further Experiments upon the Protective Value of Color and Markings 
in Insects,” Rep. British A. A. S., 1887 (1888), pp. 763-765. These experiments, 
dealing with frogs, lizards, and a marmoset, and including a few of A. G. Butler’s 
notes on birds, are not reported in full. Hence they are not reviewed. 
