320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {June, 
larve placed upon the palm, one morning gave the alarm note, and 
would not as usual jump upon my fingers. Four or five of the 
grubs had stuck together so as to form a large mass of which he was 
afraid!” 
““Moorhen chicks were at first afraid of the common yellow under- 
wing moth and of the gamma moth, though both were eaten freely 
after I had given them dead moths”’ (p. 50). 
‘Even protective coloration is of little value if there is movement, 
so sharp are the eyes of young birds. The caterpillar of the small 
white butterfly (Pieris rape) on a nasturtium leaf, with which its 
clear green color assimilated well, was picked off by a moorhen chick 
the moment it moved its head. Recently hatched stick insects 
(Diapheromera femorata), which Prof. Poulton gave me, were snapped 
off the lime leaves directly they moved”’ (p. 46). 
Prof. Morgan made many tests with bees and wasps, and in 
summing them up says: “Much... . depends on the nature 
of initial experience. A bird that has in early days seized a bee 
with ill effects is shy for a long time, not only of bees, but of moths, 
large flies, and beetles, while one which is so stung at a later stage is 
made, perhaps, a little more cautious generally, but the main effect - 
is a particularized one concerning bees or the bee-like drone fly’’ 
(p. 54). 
A series of experiments, of much the same nature as Morgan’s, 
but shorter, is described by L. W. Kline.“ Chicks were tested with 
earthworms, white boring grubs, cabbage worms, and bits of yellow 
pine and starched muslin. ‘They rejected pine wood after a few 
experiences at the age of three days, but three days later they ate 
it again, while experience with muslin on the third day was lasting. 
They were six days getting acquainted with earthworms and eight 
days with canker [cabbage] worms”’ (p. 276). 
An excellent article, previously referred to, ‘The Food of Some 
British Birds,’’® by Robert Newstead, besides presenting the largest 
amount of detailed information on its subject, thus far brought 
forward, contains a short account of an experimental feeding of 
starlings. Certain food items were placed near a nest in which 
young were being fed. One centipede (Geophilus longicornis) and 
one earwig (Forficula auricularia) were refused, although-each species 
had previously been aires to the nestlings by che berm birds. Gale 
 “ Methods in ee Balch ” {Chicks}, Amer. Heine: of Psychol., 
1898-9, pp. 265-277. 
§ Suppl. Journ. Bd. Agr. [London], XV, No. 9, December, 1908. 
