1912.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 353: 
Bibliography of Other Experiments in America. 
An annotated bibliography will sufficiently illustrate the character 
of other American experiments upon the food of birds. Few of 
them have any special reference to the efficiency of protective 
adaptations. The bibliography does not include citations to papers. 
on aviculture nor on the winter feeding of birds. These are very 
numerous and their only merit from our present standpoint is that 
they afford much proof, if proof of the obvious were needed, that 
birds, both free and confined, will readily accept foods with which 
their species has never had experience under natural conditions. 
Bouues, Frank. Young Sapsuckers in Captivity. Auk, IX, No. 2, 
April, 1892, pp. 109-119. 
Proof that they can live a long time on a diet of syrup with very 
few insects. 
CarpENTER, F.H. Screech Owls Breeding in Confinement. Ornith. 
and Oologist, 8, No. 12, December, 1883, pp. 93, 94. 
“T fed them exclusively on frogs. .... They seemed to prefer 
them to any other food, which led me to believe that they 
constituted no mean portion of their regular fare when at 
liberty.” 
This inference is not supported by the results of stomach examina- 
tions. Dr. Fisher found frogs in only two out of a total of 255: 
stomachs examined (Bul. 3, U. S. Biological Survey, 1893, pp- 
169-173). 
Couns, C. W. Some Results from Feeding Eggs of Porthetria 
dispar to Birds. Journ. Economic Ent., 3, No. 4, August, 1910, 
pp. 343-346. 
Some English sparrows and a pigeon were tested. In all cases 
it was necessary to force the birds to eat the eggs. Eggs in 
dough fed to English sparrow were mostly rejected. 
Couns, J. W., eé al. [Food of Young Ruffed Grouse.] Rep. 
Comm. Inland Fisheries and Game, Mass., 1900 (1901), p. 43. 
Some young ruffed grouse which had been fed on maggots, lettuce, 
and young clover were given grain, and as a result died. Were 
they also given gravel? ; 
F.G. The Pine Grosbeak in Confinement. Ornith. and Oologist, 
9, No. 4, April, 1884, p. 41. 
Fond of corn meal and milk, apple seeds, beechnuts, and buds 
and seeds of pine and spruce. 
Forsusu, E.H. [Food consumed by two young crows.] Useful 
Birds and Their Protection. Mass. Bd. Agr., Boston [1907], 
pp. 45-48. 
Chiefly concerns the quantity of food. Toads, frogs, and sala- 
manders, often stated to be “ distasteful,’ were eaten. 
Forsusu, E. H., and Fernatp, C. H. The Gypsy Moth, Porthetria 
dispar (Linn.). Mass. State Bd. Agr., 1896. 
