PARD. | NATURAL HISTORY. 23a 
Or the Panther, commonly called a Pardal, a Leopard, and a 
Libbard. There have been so many names devised for this one 
beast that it is grown a difficult thing to define it perfectly. 
The panther is the female, and the Pard the male. When 
the lion covereth the Pardal, then is the whelp called a 
leopard or libbard, but when the Pardal covereth the 
lioness, then it is called a panther. The only difference 
betwixt the leopard, Pardal and lion is that the leopard or 
Pardal have no manes. The greatest they call panthers, 
the second they call Pardals, and the third, least of all, 
they call leopards, which in England is called a cat of the 
mountain. And truly in my opinion they are all one kind 
of beast, and differ in quantity only through adulterous 
generation. The leopard is a wrathful and an angry beast, 
and, whensoever it is sick, it thirsteth after the blood of a 
wild cat, and recovereth by sucking that blood. Above all 
other things, it delighteth in the camphor-tree, and there- 
fore lieth underneath it to keep it from spoil; and in like 
sort the panther delighteth in sweet gums and spices, and 
therefore no marvel if they cannot abide garlic, because it 
annoyeth their sense of smelling ; and if the walls of one’s 
house or sheep-cote be anointed with the juice of garlic, 
both panthers and leopards will run away from it. The 
leopard is sometimes tamed and used for hunting; yet such 
is the nature of this beast, as also of the Pardal, that if 
he do not take his prey at the fourth or fifth jump, he 
destroyeth whomsoever’ he meeteth, yea, many times his 
hunter. Therefore the hunters have always a regard to 
carry with them a lamb or a kid, wherewithal they pacify 
him after he hath missed his game. The panthers of 
Lycia and Caria are very long, but yet weak and without 
carriage, being not able to leap far, yet is their skin so 
hard as no iron can pierce. There is a beast called Bitis 
not unlike to the vulgar leopards in all parts, except that 
it wanteth a tail; and if this beast be seen by a woman, 
it will instantly make her to be sick. Great is the love 
of the panther to all spices and aromatical trees. The 
female panther is more generous than the male. There is 
great hatred and enmity between the hyena and the panther, 
for in the presence of the hyena, the Pardal dare not 
resist; and if there be a piece of an hyzna’s skin about 
either man or beast, the panther will never touch it; and 
