TERMITES (WHITE ANTS). 129 
in diameter, and were traced by Dr. Haviland for a distance of twenty feet, and to 
a depth of five and a half feet, but without coming to a main nest which probably 
exists. It would seem to be by no means improbable that a more searching investi- 
gation in tropical Australia will reveal the existence of some allied eyed, day-working, 
Termitide also in that Continent. Such a possibility is, at all events, well worth 
the quest. 
The recent researches of Dr. Haviland, anticipated partly by Bates’ exploration 
in the Amazons Valley, have established the fact that several species of Termites may 
be found inhabiting the same termitarium. Smeathman, in fact, has attested to 
two species inhabiting the characteristic turret nests of Senegal. In South Africa, 
Dr. Haviland reports having found as many as five species of Termitide and three 
species of true ants in a single mound. In this instance, while in close proximity, 
there appeared to be no absolute intimacy between the species. Other instances, 
however, are reported in which a second species lives as a guest on intimate terms 
with the original constructors of the mound. This tendency of the Termites to live 
in mixed communities considerably enhances the difficulty of accurately determining 
their specific range and identity, more especially having regard to the circumstance 
of the plurality of individual modifications in the same species. Supposing, for 
example, that the five consorting species above referred to presented from twelve 
to fifteen individual modifications; this would signify that from sixty to as many 
as seventy-five distinct types might be yielded for discriminative classification from 
a single termitarium. 
As the result of the investigations of the morphological structure of the 
Termitide that have been conducted up to the present date, it has been found that 
the variations presented by the singularly modified heads and jaws of the soldier 
individuals yield the most reliable and readily recognisable characters for specific 
diagnosis. Consequently, in all collections made of these insects for classificatory 
purposes, special care should be taken to include samples of the soldier types. As an 
indication of the structural modifications that may obtain in this direction, a few of 
the more notable ones, as originally indicated by Hagen, are reproduced in Figs. 9 
to 13, on page 108. The’ most remarkable deviation from the customary 
scissors-blade contour of the opposing jaws is presented by Fig. 13, that of Termes 
armiger, in which the formidable mandibles are replaced by a tubular pike-like 
prolongation of the front of the head, out of which a fluid secretion can be 
ejected for the purposes of either assisting in the nest construction, or for the 
R 
