FISHES—PHENOMENAL AND ECONOMICAL. 169 
long-forked caudal fins bright orange, and the remaining fins a lighter shade of 
the same tint. The long filamentous free rays forming a fringe beneath the pectoral 
fins were, by way of contrast, a bright vermilion red. 
Several of the Australian Polynemi attain to a considerable size. One 
species, P. Sheridani, first recorded from the Mary and Burnett rivers in 
Queensland, and there locally known as the King-fish, has been taken up to a 
weight of one hundred pounds. Polynemus tetradactylus, which occurs also in India, 
and is locally known there as the “ Bahmeen” or “Pamban Salmon,” is recorded 
in Dr. Day’s “Fishes of India” as attaining to a weight of over three hundred 
pounds. In conjunction with the Giant Perch, or “Nair Fish,” Lates calcarier, 
previously referred to, it affords most excellent sport with rod and line, using a 
spinning bait, and as such is the subject of special mention in Mr. H. S. Thomas’ 
angling work, “The Rod in India.” All of the larger Indian Polynemi are further 
noted on account of the excellent isinglass that is manufactured from their sounds 
or swimming bladders. 
The family of the Carangide or Horse Mackerels, while embracing many 
species that are practically cosmopolitan in their distribution, includes also numerous 
essentially Australian or Indo-Pacific types. The genus Caranx, which represents one of 
the first-named groups, comprises a species, C. trachurus, which is regarded as 
identical with the British Horse Mackerel. What are known as Trevallies on the 
‘North and Eastern, and Skipjacks on the Western, Australian Coast-lines, are 
also members of the same genus, but mostly of a much deeper and more 
compressed shape than the familiar British species. In the form Caranz gallus, 
selected for illustration, Plate XX VII., fig. A, both the head and body are remarkable 
for their angular contours, and the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins for the filamentous 
elongations of their primary rays. In C. radiatus, there is a more rigid, fringe-like 
development of the second dorsal and anal rays, but the body does not depart 
from the ordinary ovate type. Both of these two last-named species belong to 
the tropical Australian Coast-line, and have been observed by the writer on the 
Queensland and Western Australian sea-boards. The first-named species is 
locally known, with reference to its shape and appendages, as the Diamond-fish 
or Plumed Trevally, while that of the Fringed Trevally has been conferred on 
Caranx radiatus. 
The photograph of a young individual of the first-named species, Carana gallus, 
in which the filamentous appendages are relatively longer than in the adult fish, 
Y 
