CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 331 



Cotton seed oil. The residue is known as cotton seed oil-cake, 

 and contains a considerable amount of proteids with a small quan- 

 tity of oil and a poisonous principle, ricin. A fat resembling that 

 of Cacao is obtained from the seeds of Pachira macrocarpa of 

 Brazil; Kapak oil is derived from the seeds of Eriodendron 

 anfractuosum caribceum of the West Indies. 



The flowers of some of the members of the Malvaceae contain 

 coloring principles, and have been used for dyeing, as Hollyhock 

 (Althcea rosa) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris) . Musk seed or 

 Amber seed, which is used in perfumery as a substitute for musk, 

 is obtained from Abehnoschits moschatus indigenous to the East 

 Indies and now cultivated in other tropical countries. Malva inos- 

 chata also has the odor of musk, and is found in Middle and 

 Southern Europe. 



Saponin is found in the roots of Sida jamaicensis and Hibiscus 

 Sabdariffa of the East and West Indies ; Sida paniculata of Peru 

 is used as an anthelmintic and the action is supposed to be due 

 to the secreting hairs. The seeds of several members of this 

 family are used as substitutes for coffee, as Abutilon muticum of 

 Egypt, and Okra or Gumbo (Hibiscus esculentus). The leaves 

 of Sida canariensis and 5". retusa, the latter of India, have been 

 substituted for tea leaves. The fruits of several of the members 

 of this family are edible, as Hibiscus esculentus, which yields the 

 vegetable okra, and H. ficulneus of Ceylon and Egypt which are 

 used like beans. 



Fibers are obtained from a number of the other members of 

 this family, as the bast fibers of Hibiscus tiliaceus of the Tropics, 

 H. cannabinus of the East Indies, Urena lobata, Abutilon indicum, 

 Sida retusa, and Napcea Icevis, all cultivated more or less in tropical 

 countries. 



d. FAMILY BOMBACE^.— This is a group of tropical trees 

 yielding a variety of useful products. A gum is obtained from 

 Bombax malabaricum, and mucilage is contained in the genus 

 Ochroma and several species of Bombax. The root of Bombax 

 "malabaricum contains tannin in addition. The bast fibers of a 

 number of the plants of this family are used like cotton in making 

 fabrics, as species of Bombax,- Chorisia and Adansonia. The 

 fruits of several of the Bombacese contain tartaric acid, as the 



