CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 335 



ophylline (an isomer of theobromine) ; 10 to 20 per cent, of gallo- 

 tannic acid; quercitrin, and a volatile oil containing among other 

 components, methyl salicylate. The seeds contain about 30 per 

 cent, of fixed oil, i per cent, of caffeine, and saponin. The leaves 

 furnish one of the sources of the official caffeine. Saponin is 

 found in the seeds of Thea Sassanqua of China and Japan. Two 

 saponin-like substances (assamin and assaminic acid) are found 

 in the seeds of Thea assamica. The flowers of T. Sassanqua are 

 used in China and Japan to flavor teas. The flowers and leaves 

 of Thea kissi are used as an insecticide. The red colored sap of 

 Laplacea Hcematoxylon of New Granada is used in medicine. 



d. GUTTIFER^ OR GAMBOGE FAMILY.— The plants 

 are principally shrubs and trees of the Tropics, that is, if we 

 exclude the Hypericacese which are now put in a group by 

 themselves. 



Garcinia Hanburyi is a tree with ovate, petiolate, coriaceous, 

 opposite leaves. The flowers are small, yellow, dioecious, occur- 

 ring in small clusters in the axils of the leaves. The fruit is a 

 pome-like berry, with a papery endocarp and an oily sarcocarp, 

 and 3 or 4 seeds, i in each loculus (Fig. 168). The trees are 

 chiefly valued on account of the gum-resin known as gamboge 

 (p. 648), which they contain. 



A resin used in making plasters is obtained from Calophylhim 

 brasiliense of Brazil. Balsams resembling Copaiba have been 

 obtained from Calophylhim Calaba of the West Indies. Balsams 

 known as Tacamahac are also derived from the following plants : 

 Bourbon Tacamahac from Calophylhim Tacamahaca, India Taca- 

 mahac from C. apetalum and Brazilian Tacamahac from Rheedia 

 Madriinno. Balsams are also obtained from Caraipa grandiHora 

 of Brazil, and Rheedia acuminata of Peru. Resins and balsams 

 are obtained from a number of species of Clusia. 



A yellow coloring principle, mangostin, is obtained from the 

 bark and fruit of Mangosteen {Garcinia Mangostana) of the East 

 Indies. Yellow coloring principles are found in Ochrocarpus 

 longifolius of India and Vismia acuminata of South America. 

 Tannin occurs in Mahiirea palustris of Brazil, Mesua ferrea of 

 the East Indies, the flower-buds of Ochrocarpus longifolius of 

 India, and several species of Crato.vylum of China and Java. 



