CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 379 



cultivated in Java, Ceylon, New Zealand and Australia, as well 

 as in Jamaica. 



There are two species which furnish the Cinchona bark (p. 

 517) of medicine: (i) Cinchona Ledgeriana (C. Calisaya Ledg- 

 criana), which has small, elliptical, coriaceous leaves, the under 

 surface of which is reddish ; small, yellowish, inodorous flowers, 

 and a short capsule; (2) C. succiriibra which has large, thin, 

 broadly-elliptical leaves, purplish-red calyx, rose-colored petals and 



Fig. 177. Cinchona Ledgeriana: A, flowering branch; B, bud and open flower' 

 C, fruiting branch. — After Schumann. 



a very long capsule. While C. Ledgeriana yields barks containing 

 the highest amount of alkaloids, C. snccirubra is most cultivated. 

 Uragoga (Cephaclis) Ipecacuanha. — The plants are perennial 

 herbs 10 to 20 cm. high, with a creeping, woody, hypogeous stem. 

 The roots are official in all of the pharmacopoeias (p. 467). The 

 leaves are elliptical, entire, short-petiolate, and with divided stip- 

 ules (Fig. 178). The flowers are white and form small terminal 

 heads. The fruit is a blue berry, with characteristic spiral 

 arrangement of the carpels. 



