CRUDE DRUGS. 453 



Allied Plants. — Turpeth root or Indian Jalap, is the root of 

 Operculina Turpethxtni, a plant growing in the E^st Indies. It 

 contains a resin consisting chiefly of turpethin and some 

 jalapurgin. 



Male Jalap or Orizaba is the root of Ipomoea orisabensis, a 

 plant indigenous to Mexico. The drug consists of the entire, 

 spindle-shaped roots, or of more or less rectangular pieces, and 

 contains about 10 per cent, of scammonin. 



Ipomoea simulans, indigenous to the eastern slope of the Mex- 

 ican Andes, yields the Tampico jalap, which is more or less uni- 

 form in thickness, somewhat tortuous, and without any lenticels; 

 it contains about 10 per cent, of resin, which is completely soluble 

 in ether and resembles scammonin. 



Wild jalap is the tuberous root of Ipomoea pandurata, a plant 

 growing in the Eastern and Southern United States. It contains 

 1.5 per cent, of an active resin. 



KRAMERIA.— RHATANY.— The dried root of various spe- 

 cies of Krameria (Fam. Leguminosae), shrubs (Fig. 154) indig- 

 enous to South America, Mexico and the West Indies (p. 295). 

 There are three principal commercial varieties : ( i ) Peruvian 

 Rhatany, which is derived from plants of Krameria triandra, 

 growing in Peru and Bolivia; (2) Savanilla Rhatany, which is 

 derived from more or less disputed species of Krameria (K. 

 Ixina), growing in the United States of Colombia, British Guiana 

 and Brazil, and (3) Para or Brazilian Rhatany, which is sup- 

 posed to be derived from Krameria argentea, growing in Brazil. 



Peruvian Rhatany. — Consisting of a more or less cylindrical 

 crown 50 mm. long and 15 to 20 mm. in diameter, and numerous 

 cylindrical, somewhat tapering, branching roots 10 to 40 cm. long 

 and I to 7 mm. thick ; externally brownish-red ; crown with rugged 

 and scaly bark ; roots smooth or slightly wrinkled longitudinally ; 

 fracture of bark slightly fibrous, of wood, tough and splintery; 

 internally reddish, bark i to 2 mm. thick, somewhat easily sep- 

 arable from the lighter colored, slightly radiate wood ; odor slight ; 

 wood nearly tasteless, bark astringent (Fig. 196). 



Savanilla Rhatany. — Crown more or less cylindrical or 

 spherical, rough, knotty; root externally dark reddish-brown, 

 somewhat purplish, with numerous transverse fissures at more or 



