550 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



It is stated that artificial cloves have been made by using starch, 

 gum and oil of cloves ; or from dough and clove powder. These 

 are easily distinguished by adding the spurious article to water, 

 when the compound disintegrates. 



Fig. 240. Santonica. A, transverse section of the wall of the ovary; E, E^,e,epider- 

 niEtl cells; g, tracheae; s, sieve. B, longitudinal section through a flower bud showing 

 involucre (H): 0, stamen; D, glandular hair of a bud-scale; E, glandular hair as viewed 

 from above; F, style; G, transverse section of the wall of the ovary showing trachese 

 (g, gi) and conducting cells (1); H, pollen grain; J, flower bud showing ovary (f); K, 

 expanded flower showing stamens (S). — After Meyer. 



SANTONICA.— LEVANT WORMSEED.— The flower- 

 heads of Artemisia Cina (Fam. Compositse), a small shrub (p. 

 397) indigenous to the deserts in Northern Turkestan. The 

 flower-heads are collected in July and August before they expand, 

 and carefully dried and preserved. 



