CRUDE DRUGS. 591 



regligiosa, of India; F. glomerata, of Burmah; the false banyan 

 tree, F. bengalensis, of tropical Africa and India; and F. Rum- 

 phii, of Asia. 



A peptonizing ferment is obtained from the milk- juice of 

 Ficus Carica, F. Sycomorus, of Africa, and F. exima, of Brazil. 



When figs are dried, roasted and ground they form a coffee 

 substitute kown as Fig Coffee, which is also used sometimes as 

 an adulterant of coffee. It is dectected by the large, thin-walled 

 and broad non-glandular hairs of the outer epidermis ; the broad 

 latex-tubes, 30 to 50 /* wide, and the small akenes. The latter 

 somewhat resemble the akenes of strawberry fruits, but are dis- 

 tinguished by the reticulated thickening of the outer cell-wall. 



AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX.— SWEET ORANGE 

 PEEL. — The outer layer of the rind of the fresh fruit of Citrus 

 Aurantium sinensis (Fam. Rutacese), a tree (Fig. 158) exten- 

 sively cultivated in sub-tropical countries and warm-temperate 

 regions (p. 306). The outer yellowish layer is the part employed, 

 and is usually removed from the fruit by grating. The dried 

 rind is an article of commerce. 



Description. — Cut into small pieces or shreds, externally 

 orange-yellow, with numerous circular depressions and numerous 

 large oil-secretion reservoirs; texture coriaceous, tough; soft 

 when fresh ; odor aromatic ; taste slightly bitter. 



Constituents. — Resembling those of bitter orange peel, 

 except that there is but a very small quantity of the bitter prin- 

 ciple. The volatile oil which exists in large reservoirs beneath 

 the epidermis is obtained by expression from the fresh peel and is 

 official. It consists of about 90 per cent, of d-limonene and 5 per 

 cent, of citral, citronellal and the methyl ester of anthranylic acid. 



LIMONIS CORTEX.— LEMON PEEL.— The rind of the 

 fresh fruit of Citrus medica Limonum (Fam. Rutacese), a tree 

 (p. 308) indigenous to Northern India and cultivated in the 

 European countries bordering the Mediterranean, the West Indies 

 and other tropical and sub-tropical countries. The outer yel- 

 lowish layer is the part used and it is removed by grating. 



Description. — In freshly grated, lemon-yellow fragments, 

 with numerous large oil-secretion reservoirs and oil-globules; 

 odor aromatic ; taste aromatic and slightly bitter. 



