CRUDE DRUGS. 603 



rous; under surface yellowish-green, longitudinally striate; both 

 surfaces papillose; petiole about i mm. long; texture coriaceous; 

 odor and taste distinct, aromatic. 



Long Buchu. — Linear-lanceolate, 25 to 40 mm. long, 4 to 6 

 mm. broad; margin sharply serrate and glandular; apex some- 

 what rounded or truncate. 



Constituents. — Short buchu contains about 1.2 to 1.45 per 

 cent, of volatile oil, of which about 30 per cent, is the crystalline 

 body diosphenol; long buchu contains only about one-third as 

 much volatile oil and it contains little or no diosphenol ; buchu also 

 contains two crystalline glucosides, diosmin and hesperidin (see 

 Aurantii Amari Cortex) ; mucilage and calcium oxalate. 



Allied Plants. — The leaves of Barosma crenulata are occa- 

 sionally found in the market ; they are ovate, obovate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, about twice as broad as long buchu, with slightly 

 toothed and glandular margin, more or less rounded apex, and 

 yield about 1.6 per cent, of volatile oil resembling that of short 

 buchu. 



Adulterants. — The leaves of Empleurum ensatum (Fam. 

 Rutaceae) have been offered for long buchu. They are linear- 

 lanceolate, 4 to 6 cm. long, with acuminate and glandless apex; 

 sharply serrate and glandular. They have a bitter taste and yield 

 about I per cent, of a volatile oil which does not contain a crys- 

 talline principle. 



Karoo Buchu is derived from Diosma siicculenta, of South 

 Africa. The leaves are ovate, 3 to 6 mm. long, coriaceous, obtuse 

 and slightly recurved at the apex. They yield an oil with a 

 peppermint-like odor and containing diosphenol. They also con- 

 tain considerable mucilage and yield about 26 per cent, of extrac- 

 tive matter. 



CHIMAPHILA.— PIPSISSEWA.— The dried leaves of 

 Chimaphila umbellata (Fam. Ericaceae), a perenniaL herb (p. 

 355) indigenous ta the United States and Southern Canada and 

 Northern Europe and Siberia. 



Description. — Lanceolate or oblariceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 

 8 to 18 mm. broad ; apex obtuse or acute ; base acute or cuneate ; 

 margin sharply serrate; upper surface dark green, not mottled, 

 glabrous, shiny ; midrib and veins depressed, the latter diverging 



