CRUDE DRUGS. 655 



Kino is entirely soluble in alcohol, only partly soluble in cold 

 water, and not less than 80 per cent, should be soluble in boiling 

 water, the solution having an acid reaction. 



Constituents. — Tannin, 40 to 80 per cent., which resembles 

 catechutannin and gives a blackish-green color and precipitate 

 with ferric chloride, a violet color with ferrous salts, and the 

 aqueous solutions of which deposit on exposure to air an insolu- 

 ble, amorphous, reddish substance, kino red; 1.5 per cent, of 

 kinoin, a colorless, crystalline substance, which is sparingly solu- 

 ble in water and yields on hydrolysis, kino red. Kino also con- 

 tains a small quantity of catechol (pyrocatechin), kino red, gallic 

 acid, resin, gum, pectin, 13 to 15 per cent, of moisture; and yields 

 2 to 6 per cent, of ash. 



Allied Products. — The term kino is applied to various 

 astringent plant juices which, while they contain large amounts 

 of tannin, do not appear to be as valuable as either the Malabar 

 or Australian kino. 



Allied Plants. — Australian kino (Red gum or Eucalyptus 

 gum) is obtained fi-om Eucalyptus rostrata and other species of 

 Eucalyptus. It occurs in masses or small fragments, which are 

 of a ruby or garnet-red color (not reddish-black), somewhat 

 dusty, but not so brittle as Malabar kino. It contains 45 to 50 

 per cent, of tannic acid ; kino red, and catechin. About 80 to 90 

 per cent, is soluble in cold water, the solution having a neutral 

 reaction. Australian kino seems to be more unstable than Mala- 

 bar kino and is converted into insoluble kino red, particularly if 

 not thoroughly dried. 



Eucalyptus kino is also obtained from the following species : 

 Iron-bark tree (E. Leucoxylon), E. Gunnii, E. obliqua, E. piper- 

 ata, E. flcifolia, E. stellutata, E. macrorhyncha, E. amygdalina 

 radiata. Several species of Angophora yield a kino which is 

 wholly soluble in alcohol and is entirely free from gum. So-called 

 Botany Bay (Australian) kino was at one time supposed to be 

 obtained from Eucalyptus resinifera. 



Jamaica kino is obtained from Coccoloba uvifera (Fam. Poly- 

 gonacese. A number of other India species of Pterocarpus also 

 furnish kino. An African or Gambia kino is obtained from P. 

 erinaceus, of Senegambia. 



