7o8 BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY^ 



1. Sclerencliymatous fibers strongly lignified. — Continued 



** Not colored reddish with alkalies. 



Stone cells characteristic. ..124. Quercus Alba 

 Stone cells characteristic. 



125. Prunus Virginiana 



Taste bitter, acrid 126. Myrica Cerifera 



Taste sweetish, slightly bitter. 



127. Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus 



2. Sclerenchymatous fibers not strongly lignified. 



Fragments of ducts 128. Calamus 



No fragments of ducts 129. Ulmus 



S Calcium oxalate in raphides. 



1. Raphides not more than 10 m long. 



No fragments of ducts 130. Cinnamomum 



Fragments of ducts present 131. Sarsaparilla 



2. Raphides 40 to 45 m long. 



Spherical starch grains 3 to 12 a. 



132. Convallaria 

 Thick-walled parenchyma with simple pores. 



133- Cypripedium 

 Ellipsoidal starch grains 7 to 20 /*. 



134. Veratrum Viride 



3. Raphides 200 m long. 



Starch grains 4 to 15 /* 135. Hydrangea 



£ Calcium oxalate in cryptocrystalline crystals. 



Sclerenchymatous fibers few.... 136. Belladonnae Radix 

 Bast fibers characteristic 137. Cinchona 



b. Calcium oxalate crystals wanting. 

 a With non-glandular hairs. 



Greenish fragments with sulphuric acid. 



138. Strophanthus 

 /3 Non-glandular hairs wanting. 



I. Sclerenchymatous fibers present. 

 * Tracheae numerous. 



t Starch grains 2 to 5 a in diameter. 

 Ducts large and with bordered pores. 



139. Cimicifuga 

 Thick-walled parenchyma with simple 



pores 140. Cypripedium 



Scalariform ducts 141. Leptandra 



Starch grains 142. Spigelia 



