POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 731 



narrow tracheae with scalariform and reticulate thickenings or 

 bordered pores ; sclerenchymatic fibers thin-walled and free from 

 pores. 



42. SCOPARIUS. — Dark green ; non-glandular hairs i-celled, 

 0.5 to 0.7 mm. long, thick-walled ; tracheae spiral or double spiral, 

 slightly lignified ; sclerenchymatous fibers narrow, thin-walled and 

 with simple pores. 



j8 Non-glandular Hairs Wanting. 



43. CARDAMOMUM.— Greenish-brown ; stone cells dark 

 brown, slightly elongated, 15 to 25 jj, in diameter, the inner 

 wall thickened; outer epidermal cells 20 to 30 ju. in diameter, 

 elongated on surface view, inner and outer walls thickened ; oil- 

 secretion cells with suberized walls ; starch grains spherical or 

 angular, single or compound, i to 4 /* in diameter ; monoclinic 

 prisms of calcium oxalate few, 10 to 25 /* in diameter. The pow- 

 der of the pericarp and seeds is pinkish and contains in addition, 

 sclerenchyma fibers which are non-lignified, relatively thin-walled 

 and with simple, slightly oblique pores ; not more than 10 per 

 cent, of ash. The powder of Ceylon cardamom contains the uni- 

 cellular hairs of the capsule ; and the cells, as also the starch 

 grains and calcium oxalate crystals, are larger (Fig. 253). 



43a. SABINA. — Starch, 4 fj. ; characteristic hypodermis, con- 

 sisting of long fibers 15 /* wide, associated with epidermis; 

 narrow tracheids ; numerous oleo-resin masses. 



44. STAPHISAGRIA. — Dark green; sclerenchymatous cells 

 somewhat ovate in cross-section, more or less thick-walled and 

 non-lignified ; parenchyma containing oil and aleurone. 



45. CHELIDONIUM. — Light green ; aqueouS^ solution golden 

 yellow ; numerous small, somewhat plano-convex or reniform, 

 slightly reticulate seeds, which are about i mm. long; fragments 

 of leaves with spiral tracheae, and latex tubes with light yellowish 

 contents; elliptical or spherical stomata on lower surface only, 

 walls rather indistinct; pollen grains spherical, nearly smooth, 

 with 3 pores and 20 to 25 /^ in diameter ; fragments of petals with 

 distinctly yellowish fibrovascular bundles. Hairs, starch grains 

 and calcium oxalate crystals are wanting. 



