736 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



Substitutes of Ipecac— The root of Richardsonia scabra 

 has simple and compound starch grains from 20 to 40 /j, in diam- 

 eter; the root of Triosteum perfoUatum and the bark of Nar- 

 egamia alata contain starch grains and rosette aggregates of 

 calcium oxalate, the latter containing in addition orange-red secre- 

 tion cells; the root of Heteropteris paitciHora (Fam. Malpigh- 

 iacese) is free from starch but contains rosette aggregates of 

 calcium oxalate, brown pigment cells and stone cells. 



Fig. 291. 



T, tracheids; P, parenchyma containing starch; 

 grains; Ca, raphides of calcium oxalate. 



58. PHYTOLACCA. — Dark yellow ; sternutatory ; fragments 

 with long sclerenchymatous fibers and large scalariform tracheae; 

 starch grains somewhat spherical, 7 to 18 ju, in diameter; calcium 

 oxalate in raphides 30 /x long, or in cryptocrystalline crystals. 



59. VERATRUAL— Yellowish-brown (Figs. 215, 216) ; ster- 

 nutatory; tracheae slightly lignified, scalariform or reticulate; 

 sclerenchymatous fibers thin-walled, narrow, slightly lignified ; 

 calcium oxalate in raphides 45 /* long; starch grains nearly ellip- 



