738 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



the pale yellowish oil, which is replaced in part by a reddish resin. 

 Ginger is also sometimes adulterated with wheat middlings (No. 

 239), and flaxseed meal (Figs. 184, 293). Curcuma (Fig. 

 290) is sometimes added to an exhausted or adulterated ginger to 

 bring up the color to that of the normal drug. 



Fig, 292. Hydrastis: P, parenchyma; S, parenchyma containing starch; T, trachese 

 with annular and reticulate thickenings of the walls; F, tracheids with simple pores; C, 

 cambium; K, cork; B, parenchyma cells showing the separation of acicular crystals of 

 one of the alkaloids on the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid; H, prisms of one of 

 the alkaloids which separate on the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid to a powder 

 previously moistened with water. 



2. Starch Grains 5 to 15 /a in Diameter. 



62. MEZEREUM. — Dark yellow; sternutatory; bast fibers 

 numerous, long, thin-walled, non-lignified ; starch grains some- 

 what spherical, 10 to 15 /* in diameter, single or compound. 



63. PAREIRA. — Dark yellow ; sclerenchymatous cells numer- 

 ous, more or less thick-walled and slightly lignified; sclerenchy- 



