770 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



oil-secretion cells with suberized walls ; oil globules numerous. 

 (For chemical standard of purity see page 573.) 



Adulterants. — Ground black pepper is sometimes adulter- 

 ated with PEPPER HULLS or pepper shells, which are the outer 

 layers of the ripe fruit and are obtained in the preparation of 

 white pepper (p. 573). Pepper hulls consist chiefly of the stone 



GO© 



Fig. 310. Colchicum corm: S, 2- to 4-compound starch grains which make up the 

 greater proportion of the powder; P, parenchyma with numerous starch grains; T, trachese; 

 E, sieve. 



cells described above. They increase the percentage of crude fiber 

 and ash in the powder, the latter being due to adhering dirt. 

 Ground black pepper sometimes consists of a mixture of pepper 

 hulls, capsicum (Figs. 252; 301, C) and the endocarp of the olive 

 (Fig. 302, G). In the latter the lumen of the stone cells is filled 

 with air. Black pepper has also been adulterated with flaxseed 

 meal (see No. 79) and buckwheat hulls. The latter are dis- 



