POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 



77i 



ules numerous. The powder of clove stems is less aromatic and 

 contains numerous yellow, nearly isodiametric and irregular thick- 

 walled stone cells with numerous canals and also scalariform and 

 reticulate tracheae. The powder of the fruit of cloves, or so-called 

 MOTHER OF CLOVES, Contains numerous single, oblong and irreg- 



am. 



1st-- 



Fig. 311. Black pepper: ep, polygonal cells of the epicarp, beneath which are the 

 hypodermal stone cells (ast); bf, elongated bast fibers; bp, short bast fibers; sp, traches 

 with spiral markings; ist, stone cells of the endocarp; is, as, fragments of tissues beneath 

 the endocarp; am, parenchyma cells of perisperm containing starch grains; A, starch 

 grains; p, oil cells. — After Moeller. 



ular starch grains with excentral point of origin of growth, and 

 varying in size from 10 to 35 jx. The pericarp of the fruit also 

 contains numerous irregular stone cells and sclerenchyma fibers, 

 the latter varying from short to 5 mm. or more in length and being 

 very irregular or knotty in outline. (For adulterants see Pimenta 

 No. 113 and p. 549.) 



174. INSECT POWDER.— (See No. 5.) 



