782 BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



207. GAMBIR. — Dark brown (p. 666) ; with numerous 

 acicular crystals 10 to 60 [i long; occasionally large cubical 

 prisms ; also fragments of vegetable tissue. In inferior grades 

 of gambir spores of fungi are sometimes abundant. 



208. CATECHU. — Large, opaque, dark brownish-red masses 

 which gradually become transparent on the edge and dissolve with 

 a sherry-wine color; fragments of sclerenchyma (p. 666). 



209. KINO. — The blackish-brown fragments become clearer 

 and of a deeper red color as compared to catechu (p. 654). 



POWDERS OF A REDDISH COLOR. 



This group includes those powdered drugs which are of a 

 pinkish, reddish, brownish-red (brown madder), or rose color. 



I. CONTAINING STARCH. 



210. QUILLAJA. — Pinkish (Figs. 281, C; 300, G ; 315) ; 

 very sternutatory; calcium oxalate in monoclinic pyramids from 

 35 to 200 ix long; bast fibers numerous, thick-walled, strongly 

 lignified; crystal fibers containing monoclinic prisms of calcium 

 oxalate; stone cells more or less thick-walled and with simple 

 oblique pores ; starch grains nearly spherical, 3 to 10 /t in diameter. 



211. SANGUINARIA. — Reddish; starch grains spherical, 4 

 to 8 /a in diameter ; reddish secretion cells ; tracheae few, reticulate. 



II. WITHOUT STARCH. 

 A. STONE CELLS PRESENT. 



212. CAPSICUM. — Brownish-red (Figs. 252; 301, C) ; 

 stone cells of two kinds, either nearly isodiametric, uniformly 

 thickened and with middle lamella slightly lignified, or somewhat 

 elongated on surface view, convolutely thickened on the inner 

 and side walls and strongly lignified; starch grains somewhat 

 spherical, about 3 to 7 /t in diameter, single or compound ; gland- 

 ular hairs with i- to 3-celled stalk and multicellular glandular 

 head ; collenchymatous cells with suberized walls ; parenchymatous 

 cells with yellowish-red oil globules and irregular masses of 

 chromoplastids. 



